Equinox Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Equinox Company - Essay Example This implies that a firm must be accountable for the negative effects of its operations on its stakeholders. A reporting entity is an organization that collects analyses and gives a report pertaining to the financial information. Equinox Company is a corporation dealing with stipulation of credit ratings for various companies for the purpose of financial analysis and assessment. It was started in the year 1899, and it has served over four hundred companies. It is situated in Atlanta in Georgia. This company has played a major role in the corporate world by securing jobs for more than seven thousand employees. This company is committed to safeguarding the environment from pollution from its own economic activities. This company is known to incorporate its stockholders in decision making process. This gives the community a chance to give credible contribution with regard to the company’s social responsibility. Activities of Equinox Company Ltd The activities of this company are many given its competitive advantage as a reporting entity. The entity provides credit reports to customers on demand. This enables various consumers to access financial aid by use of their financial credit status. Moreover, this serves a sales and marketing technique because a financially stable enterprise is considered favorable. It also carries out investigations on errand companies on request by state agencies and criminal investigation agencies. They give assurance to potential investors of some companies with an aim of encouraging investment in these entities. Provision of credit ratings of companies that are subject to syndicates in order to obtain concrete facts with regard to the liability of these companies. It contributes in the market liberalization as it reveals to the public some crucial information with regard to the credit worthiness of many companies hence enabling consumers to make informed decisions. It also performs audit for companies on ad hoc basis. This gives the stakeholders of the companies concerned an assurance of the safety of their resources. Equinox Company also provides reports to Insurance companies on demand. This helps the insurance companies to make informed decisions before accepting to cover risks of its prospective clients. It also sells credit reports in its possession to many industries of diverse types of businesses. It also sells sophisticated software for effective and efficient credit rating of a client. This entity provides population data to the demographic department. This enhances quick financial decision making with regard to the available resources. It provides non-financial data to its clients. This enables it to have a wide customer base hence high level of annual revenue. Furthermore, the company provides theft and fraud prevention products which help in keeping the levels of criminal activities in the business enterprises. Equinox Company corporate Social Responsibility It provides all the people with a si ngle free credit file which helps in the personal financial analysis and assessment. This sparks investments in various projects because a high portion of the population is aware of their financial abilities. The firm practices strategic corporate social responsibility which enables it to identify specific social concerns to be solved. The management of the company always incorporates the input of all stakeholders in decision making. This provides an opportunity to the members of the society to give substantial feedback with regard to corporate social responsibility. Investors have cited the corporate social responsiveness of the company as the major competitive advantage. This initiative has been hailed as a source of motivation and sense of belonging

Before Anyone Is Admitted Into The Military Forces Essay Example for Free

Before Anyone Is Admitted Into The Military Forces Essay Before anyone is admitted into the military forces, or positions concerning keeping the lives of other safe, they must go through a series of physical tests and training to see if they can adequately perform their duties .Physical training is done before a trainee enters and continues periodically as long as the trainee remains throughout. Physical training includes running, push-ups, sit ups, pull ups and other strenuous calisthenics. Testing is more demanding for the younger and more potent bodies, and is harder to complete. For example, young men, ages 20-29, entering police departments in Illinois are expected to do 38 sit-ups in one minute, while the men, age 50-59, are expected to only complete 24. Younger men are expected to bench press nearly 100% of their own body weight. This factor comes into key for lifting bodies; say out of dangerous situations, while older men are expected to lift only 71%. Not only does age contribute to the factor of how much training needs to be completed, but gender does as well. There are plenty of women present and working hard in military forces, and other jobs involving the safety of everyday citizens. Young women in Illinois, ages 20-29, are expected to do 32 sit-ups in one minute, women, and age 50-59, barely 14. One will notice that the requirements for the women are less demanding, to that of their male counterparts. So the argument now is: should women be expected to complete the same amount of physical training as men? To answer this question, people should consider that male and female bodies were originally evolved, or were designed to complete very different jobs, men being hunters, while women gathered small fruits and berries and tended to the home. Of course, hunting is much of physical and demanded more than picking a few berries off a nearby bush, so it required a more able body for the job. Women were not even able to participate in army forces till 1775 and the first battle ever is dated back to nearly 1479BCE. Women still were not even completing the same jobs though as the men. In 1775 they simply tended to the wounded, cooked, and cleaned, nowhere near marching side by side in combat. The first women were not even admitted into military services academy’s until 1976 and not deployed into dangerous combat zones until 1991. Therefore women should not be expected to complete the same amount of training as men. Ariel White Mrs. LaToya Brown English 102 March 8, 2015 Title: Military Fitness Testing: Should the Bar be Lowered on Women’s Standard’s? Topic: the federal government should lower physical requirement guidelines so that women may admitted into the military (or fire/police departments). Thesis: During physical testing for military positions, women should not be held to the same standards as to their male counterparts.

Soccer :: essays research papers

The official soccer rules are called the "Laws of the Game" and are revised annually (usually in July) by FIFA (pronounced "FEE' fuh"), the world soccer governing body, but youth organizations usually adjust the rules to fit children. Typical adjustments are field sizes, game lengths, number of players per team, the number and frequency of substitutions, "offside" is sometimes not called, and slide tackling is sometimes not allowed. Field sizes, ball sizes, length of games & rules vary by age group. The FIFA rules do not require separate teams for girls and boys, but many soccer clubs and associations have separate leagues for boys and girls. Discuss the rule variations with an official of your league. In brief, the "Laws of the Game" are not simple and can be difficult to understand. The official FIFA rules have 17 sections and the rule book is about 70 pages long. There are also an additional 44 pages titled "Questions and Answers". In addition, how to interpret the rules is discussed in referee clinics, special memos, videos for referees, and a guidebook for soccer officials that is over 300 pages long. There is also the problem that the rules use many soccer terms that are not defined in the rules (we try to define all of these terms in the SoccerHelp Dictionary) and there are quirks, such as the fact that terms which are commonly used such as "Hand Ball", "obstruction", and "Linesmen" are not defined in the official rules. Another confusing aspect of the rules is the way "Fouls" are defined; basically, they are defined not only as "Fouls" but also in the rules regarding "Cards". For this reason, to understand "Fouls" you must also read "Cards".

Free Cuba Essay -- Cuban History Historical Essays

Free Cuba I. Introduction: Cuban history, like many other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which have experienced colonial subjugation and imperial interference, is highlighted by tumultuous rebellions. Ever since the revolt of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes in 1868, who took up arms with his slaves to liberate Cuba from Spain’s colonial grasp, the existence of insurrectionists and adamant government opposition in Cuba has flourished. Social revolution and a strong will and practice of nationalism has indelibly characterized Cuban history. Nevertheless, the outcomes of particular movements and struggles for social justice have consistently frustrated revolutionary and radical leaders. Government regimes throughout history have in some manner or fashion, whether by force or by will, degenerated popular radical aspirations. For example, it was the North American intervention in 1898, during the second Cuban war for independence that opposed the popular will to establish an independent s overeign nation. Moreover, corrupt military regimes headed by opportunists such as Machado and Batista have also tainted and disregarded popular aspirations for national affirmation, human dignity, and democratic order 1. Consequently, Cuban history has proven that aspirations for social reform and a democratic republic have consistently gone arie. It is within this historical context of failed national ambitions and aspirations that Fidel Castro defines La Revolucion. Fidel Castro, in his program manifesto of the 26th of July movement, described the M-26-7 movement as a revolution "resolved to take up the unfulfilled ideals of the Cuban nation and to realize them 2." Castro’s dream of achieving Cuba’s "unfulf... ...I- cite taken from page 38. 7.) ibid (6) 8.) ibid (6) 9.) 26th of July Movement, "Program manifesto of the 26th of July Movement," in Cuba in Revolution, ed.R. Bonachea and Nelson Valdes. (Garden City, NJ, 1972) 113-140. 10.) ibid (9) 11.) ibid (9) 12.) Fidel Castro, "History Will Absolve Me." Closing speech in trial for the 1953 Moncada attack. Excerpt taken from: The United States, Cuba, and the Cold War American Failure or Communist Conspiracy? Ed. L. Langley ( Lexington, Mass, 1970). 13.) Ernesto "Che" Guevara, "One Year of Armed Struggle," in Guevara, Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. Trans. Victoria Ortiz. (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968) pp.196-227. 14.) Perez-Stable, Marifeli. The Cuban Revolution: Origins, Course, Legacy. (New York, 1993), "Introduction" and chapters I & II. Free Cuba Essay -- Cuban History Historical Essays Free Cuba I. Introduction: Cuban history, like many other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which have experienced colonial subjugation and imperial interference, is highlighted by tumultuous rebellions. Ever since the revolt of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes in 1868, who took up arms with his slaves to liberate Cuba from Spain’s colonial grasp, the existence of insurrectionists and adamant government opposition in Cuba has flourished. Social revolution and a strong will and practice of nationalism has indelibly characterized Cuban history. Nevertheless, the outcomes of particular movements and struggles for social justice have consistently frustrated revolutionary and radical leaders. Government regimes throughout history have in some manner or fashion, whether by force or by will, degenerated popular radical aspirations. For example, it was the North American intervention in 1898, during the second Cuban war for independence that opposed the popular will to establish an independent s overeign nation. Moreover, corrupt military regimes headed by opportunists such as Machado and Batista have also tainted and disregarded popular aspirations for national affirmation, human dignity, and democratic order 1. Consequently, Cuban history has proven that aspirations for social reform and a democratic republic have consistently gone arie. It is within this historical context of failed national ambitions and aspirations that Fidel Castro defines La Revolucion. Fidel Castro, in his program manifesto of the 26th of July movement, described the M-26-7 movement as a revolution "resolved to take up the unfulfilled ideals of the Cuban nation and to realize them 2." Castro’s dream of achieving Cuba’s "unfulf... ...I- cite taken from page 38. 7.) ibid (6) 8.) ibid (6) 9.) 26th of July Movement, "Program manifesto of the 26th of July Movement," in Cuba in Revolution, ed.R. Bonachea and Nelson Valdes. (Garden City, NJ, 1972) 113-140. 10.) ibid (9) 11.) ibid (9) 12.) Fidel Castro, "History Will Absolve Me." Closing speech in trial for the 1953 Moncada attack. Excerpt taken from: The United States, Cuba, and the Cold War American Failure or Communist Conspiracy? Ed. L. Langley ( Lexington, Mass, 1970). 13.) Ernesto "Che" Guevara, "One Year of Armed Struggle," in Guevara, Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. Trans. Victoria Ortiz. (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968) pp.196-227. 14.) Perez-Stable, Marifeli. The Cuban Revolution: Origins, Course, Legacy. (New York, 1993), "Introduction" and chapters I & II.

Final Team Paper

Business Research Method I Timothy Trautman, Kawaun White, Guillermo Lecca, and Germaine Washington QNT/561 January 15, 2013 Dr. Anthony Matias Abstract The research statement and motivation that will be analyzed is how to recycle at Starbucks in the most cost effective and efficient method. The company is facing multiple challenges but barriers from municipalities and training employees are two of its most difficult challenges. The methodology and research is based on the action research design and will detail how we get our results.The result of our research indicates that recycling will be successful depending on the belief of the employee and customers. The conclusion of the analysis will show that recycling may be a personal preference but if the company can produce data that verifies it’s environmental and financial benefits people may support the idea. Starbucks – Business Research Method I The objective of this analysis is to research a question that applies to a chosen organization.The research will include an explanation of the operational definitions, dependent variables, independent variables, and characteristics specifics to our research. In addition, the analysis will also identify, analyze and research these objectives while conveying how they relate to real life applications. Starbucks will be the focus of the research and the operational dilemma will be recycling and how to implement it as effectively as possible. Organizational Dilemma Research Question Starbucks is a company that believes in the importance of recycling.Although, the process seems to possess a straight forward initiative in reference to recycling, there is a vast amount of material wasted that have some employees disgusted with Starbucks as an organization. â€Å"But while recycling seems like a simple, straightforward initiative, it’s actually extremely challenging. Not only are there municipal barriers to successful recycling in many cities, but it take s significant changes in behavior to get it right. One wrong item in a recycle bin can render the entire can unrecyclable to the hauler. (Starbucks 2012) Research Design In performing research for Starbuck’s recycling efforts, staff members will study a variety of methods that will incorporate information to ensure that the appropriate cycling is performed. The action research design would best describe the type of research to perform for this case study. This type of research design follow a characteristic cycle whereby initially an exploratory stance is adopted, where an understanding of a problem is developed and plans are made for some form of interventionary strategy.Then the intervention is carried out (the action in Action Research) during which time, pertinent observations are collected in various forms (Types of Research Design, 2013). This research will help the staff understand why and how the recycling method for Starbucks could be a good benefit for the company a nd the customers. Characteristics 1. Use for work or community situations. 2. Look to find a solution rather than testing out the main subject of the possible problem. 3.This will show how recycling is well known to use whether on a personal or business level in order to reserve and gain. 4. The researcher will not leave out any information whether bias or not. The type of research utilized allowed the staff of Starbucks will to show customers how recycling is very important to the company and the environment. Expressing the honest beliefs to recycling will let the public see how each cup sold should be recycled and in return the concerns of high pricing for Starbucks items would have the advantage to have a reduction. Dependent variableThe concern of making certain that the correct technique of recycling is taking place, this will involve each person. The research will show dependent variables because every customer will have the initiative to take part in a life-changing event. Ev en if Starbucks makes recycling a requirement to customers, in place of service, the customer still has the right to want to participate. When the process of recycling is in process the location that takes up the bins at that time will have the opportunity to make sure that each item is put into the correct place.Operational definition The data to collect from those customers recycling versus the customers who are not choosing to recycle will lead to a strong belief to Starbuck’s company that those customers who are passionate about the environment may not care to recycle. While there will be the data to collect from the customers that do not have the understanding of how recycling will help high prices for the cup of coffee purchased every morning. Conclusion The researcher for Starbucks should always take into consideration that every customer has his or her own opinion.Whether he or she wants to take a part of making sure that every recyclable item is done properly Starbuc ks is wasting the effort of what the company is doing for the environment. He or she will have to show customers and give more feedback as to why the customer and the company can continue to profit from recycling. References Starbucks (2012). Recycling and reducing waist. Retrieved form: http://www. starbucks. com/responsibility/environment/recycling Types of Research Design. (2013). Retrieved from http://libguides. usc. edu/content. php? pid=83009&sid=818072

A Brief History of Slot Machines

A Brief History of Slot Machines According to Legal Slots, the term slot machines was originally used for all automatic vending machines as well as for the gambling devices, it was not until the 20th century that the term became restricted to the latter. A fruit machine is one British term for a slot machine. The one-armed bandit is another popular nickname. Charles Fey Liberty Bell The first mechanical slot machine was the Liberty Bell, invented in 1895 by car mechanic, Charles Fey (1862–1944) of San Francisco. The Liberty Bell slot machine had three spinning reels. Diamond, spade, and heart symbols were painted around each reel, plus the image of a cracked Liberty Bell. A spin resulting in three Liberty Bells in a row gave the biggest payoff, a grand total of fifty cents or ten nickels. The original Liberty Bell slot machine can still be seen be at the Liberty Belle Saloon Restaurant in Reno, Nevada. Other Charles Fey machines include the Draw Power, and Three Spindle and the Klondike. In 1901, Charles Fey invented the first draw poker machine. Charles Fey was also the inventor of the trade check separator, which was used in the Liberty Bell. The hole in the middle of the trade check allowed a detecting pin to distinguish fake nickels or slugs from real nickels. Fey rented his machines to saloons and bars based on a 50/50 split of the profits.​ Demand for Slot Machines Grows The demand for Liberty Bell slot machines was huge. Fey could not build them fast enough in his small shop. Gambling supply manufacturers tried to buy the manufacturing and distribution rights to the Liberty Bell, however, Charles Fey refused to sell. As a result in 1907, Herbert Mills, a Chicago manufacturer of arcade machines, began production of a slot machine, a knock-off of Feys Liberty Bell, called the Operator Bell. Mills was the first person to place fruit symbols: i.e. lemons, plums, and cherries on machines. How The Original Slots Worked Inside each cast iron slot machine there were three metal hoops called reels. Each reel had ten symbols painted on it. A lever was pulled that spun the reels. When the reels stopped, a jackpot was awarded if three of a kind of symbol lined up. The payoff in coinage was then dispensed from the machine. Age of Electronics The first popular electric gambling machine was the 1934 animated horse race machine called PACES RACES. In 1964, the first all-electronic gambling machine was built by Nevada Electronic called the 21 machine. Other all electronic versions of gambling games followed including ones for dice, roulette, horse racing, and poker (Dale Electronics Poker-Matic was very popular). In 1975, the first electronic slot machine was built by the Fortune Coin Company.

Atmosphere in Blessing And Island Man Essays

Atmosphere in Blessing And Island Man Essays Atmosphere in Blessing And Island Man Essay Atmosphere in Blessing And Island Man Essay The theme of this poem is very religious. This is shown from four references to religion. The first one being blessing, repeated twice, first on stanza 4 line 5 and in the title. This will imply to the reader that they are religious but not of any set religion of yet. The second one being kindly god, this shows to the reader that they are not of a Christian background and therefore are not Christian them selves. This is as Christian God would be spelt God, with a capital letter. For example the Greek gods will be spelt god without a capital letter. This would then impact on the reader that these people are not Christians even though the Dharker uses the word congregation. The poet specifically uses this language too emphasise how this village is a multi-cultural place and highlights that there is not one set religion. Congregation is a Christian word that describes a gathering in a church this may contradict her statement about god, but it will enhance the ide a of the settlement being a multi-cultural, missed religious place. In the poem Blessing Dharker uses the poetic technique onomatopoeia. The poet also uses the technique of sibilance. An example of onomatopoeia in Blessing is when Dharker says the word splash in stanza 2 line 2. Another example of this is when the poet uses the work crashes. Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it is describing as crashes sounds like the action it is describing. Crashes is describing how the water is slamming to the floor and making a crashing sound. I believe this implies to the reader that the poet is trying to set the scene in the readers mind. This emphasises how this was such a blessing and it over-exaggerates the reaction of the people and how it affects them. This helps the reader feel what the people are feeling. Sibilance is were a poet would use a word or words containing s sounds and sh sounds. An example of sibilance in the poem would be splash. This gives the effect on the reader that they are hearing what the splash is actually sounding like and this develops an atmosphere in the readers mind, to help the reader hear what the people are hearing. This will demonstrate how the people are suffering without water, when they get water it is a gift from god, s blessing. I believe that Dharker uses these two techniques combined to set an aural image in the readers mind, this is done by how the onomatopoeias are helping the reader imagine how it would be like without water and helping them imagine the sounds and what is going on and sibilance will help the reader image the sounds that are going on in this village also. The value of water to the people in this poem is very great. This is shown by the word silver is being used. Silver is a pun as it has two meanings, one being the colour silver and the other being the value of silver. The poet may have intended to use both meanings as the water is very valuable to the people. Fortune is used in the third Stanza, this is also a pun. One meaning being luck and how the people are lucky to have this blessing. Money is another meaning for fortune and the people have no money. The poet may want this to affect the reader by using both of these words and both of their meanings to make the reader think about every perspective. The structure indicates the pipe bursting, it shows how at the start it trickles out, this refers to the short sharp opening stanza which had end-stop punctuation. In the second stanza, it increases a little bit more. This will refer to the pipe building up more tension/pressure ready to burst out. In the third stanza, there is a big increase in lines and enjambment is used. Enjambment is when there is no punctuation at the end of a line and this forces the reader to read on and this helps the poem flow well. In stanza 4 the pressure of the pipe is slowly stopping, this is shown by the line length and the amount of lines, these being mainly short and not very many. Dharker gave the poem an irregular structure. The poem does have end-stop punctuation in some places and were it is not this helps the poem flow easier and is better for reading as it does not stop and start. Imtiaz Dharker uses the poetic technique of enjambment. She does this in stanza 3, line 3 and 4. Silver crashes to the ground/and the flow has found. This is an example of enjambment. This will give the poem the effect of it flowing more naturally, this gives the reader the idea of the poem flowing as water does. When the end-stop punctuation stops and the enjambment is being used this will give the effect of the stanzas flowing easier and better to make it flow as easy as water does. Imtiaz Dharker was boring in Lahore in 1954. She moved to Glasgow of a young age and now speaks and writes in English. She also speaks Indian fluently as well. She now moves form England too India a lot of the time. She originates from India but would class them both as home. She writes this poem to inform of us as fortunate and lucky people that things like this are actually happening. She is showing and informing these people who are oblivious to all of this happening and trying to make them see what she has seen and experienced. This may not be written from experience but she has witnessed what it is to live at both ends of the scale. She has been through what it is like to be wealthy and she has witnesses the complete opposite and feels she to inform us of this. This comes across not being too forcing like some charity appeals are even though this is not a charity appeal it is only telling people that these things go on and let them act how they want in any way possible. This is good as it does not become too forcing for people and they are not pressured in to something and if this affects them enough this may help them act upon their thoughts. She is trying to show us what we take for granted in England. I believe the implications of the title are that they are describing what is happening in the poem. Dharker describes it as a blessing as this will never happen on a daily basis. This is a miracle to the people of this town/village, a gift from god. Grace Nichols Island Man The main themes of Island Man are; cultural displacement, the value of water, community and freedom. One of the most important themes of Grace Nichols Island Man are how island man values water. This is shown in his name as Island Man would imply that he likes to be surrounded by water and this feels homely for him. In Blessing the value of water is also a them, this is shown by how the villagers value the water form the pipe as it is scarce in their village/town, were as in Island Man values water in a different perspective as he has grown up around water and feels it is a part of him. Freedom is a main theme and it is shown by how Island Man had sacrificed his freedom for a better quality of life in some ways. One of these ways being living quality but he has sacrificed what he loves, the sea and water for a repetitive boring life in London. He feels as if everything is too crowded and he is becoming claustrophobic. Were as in Blessing the theme of freedom is in the opposite sense, it shows how the children are innocent by how they are playing and living for the moment. Cultural displacement is shown by how Island Man is lonely and how his life is on repeat every day, where as in Blessing there is a sense of community togetherness and the children having freedom running around playing and how Island Man is on his own and is homesick. Grace Nichols was born in Georgetown, Guyana in 1950. She grew up their and became a teacher and a journalist. She then emigrated to the UK and is a very well known and famous poet. The dedication of the poem Island Man will imply that the Island Man is misplaced. Evidence to support this point is when Grace Nichols suggests he is of mixed nationalities when she writes Caribbean Island Man in London. She does this to make the reader feel sympathetic for Island Man as he does not where his home is. He may have immigrated for a reason and therefore is un-able to go home. She has written this poem for the reader to question Island Mans morals as he may have been confused of were his home is or were he is most welcome. Free verse gives the poet freedom to write however comfortable for them and how they think is most effective. Grace Nichols uses free verse in Island Man and this has given her to structure her poem however she pleases. An example of this is on the last line of stanza 2 when she spaces groggily, groggily away from the rest of the line. This emphasises how Island Man is feeling and reminds the reader how he feels and what time of day it is. Grace Nichols uses the poetic technique of sibilance through out the poem.[ an example of this is in the first stanza line 2 and 3. the words are sounds, wakes and surf. Sibilance will imply to the reader and will set an aural picture. This picture is that of the seas and the water, the poet wants to set this picture in the readers mind. Sibilance is also used in Blessing for the same sense, to create the scene of what Imtiaz Dharker is seeing in her imagination. This sets a good atmosphere in the readers mind in both poems. Another way in which Grace Nichols emphasises sound is when she says the word wombing. I think she uses the image of a womb to the reader to imagine what it would be like to be in a womb. This being a sanctuary of piece and maybe feeling enclosed, every sound being muffled. This symbolises how Island Man feels claustrophobic, trapped in the imaginary womb. Grace Nichols has made up this word wombing, this may have been because their was no other word that could fit her description she was trying to portray to the reader. Grace Nichols uses this peculiar use of language to show how Island Man is in-between sleeping and waking and how the sounds around him influence what he hears in his dreams. This is most probably the best word that would describe what Grace Nichols is thinking. Grace Nichols uses another technique to emphasise sound, this being onomatopoeia and it is shown by when she says the word roar in stanza 3. This is to emphasise the loudness of the cars, in his dream the cars are interpreted as the the sound of the blue surf. Similar too Imtiaz Dharkers use of onomatopoeia as she uses these to emphasise the sound of the thing she is describing. In stanza 3 she replaces the word sound, which would have made sense but she chooses to use sand. This shows how Island Man is connected with the Caribbean and dreams of being at home on the beach. Grace Nichols uses repetition in stanza 2 line 6, the phrase is groggily, groggily. This emphasises how Island Man is still half asleep. Groggy means for some to still be very tired and still be feeling like they should be asleep, this is shown in Island Man as he is feeling very tired and feels like this. Repetition will emphasise what the poet want to get across to the reader and in Island Man this creates an atmosphere of being lazy. Personification is uses in stanza 2 line 3. The sun is surfacing defiantly is the example of this. Personification is when you would make an object or thing have human features or feelings. This line shows how the sun is in the Caribbean as in London most days would be dark and overcast. In the Caribbean were Island Man feels most comfortable is where the sun would be. A point to back this up is when Grace Nichols implies it is his island. She does this when she says of his small emerald island. She does this to imply to the reader this is where he feels most welcome at home in the Caribbean with the sun sea and sand. An example of a pun is in the poem were he poet states the word emerald in the sentence of his small emerald island. Imtiaz Dharker also has a use of a pun this being silver. Both silver and emerald are describing colour and fortune/preciousness. One of the meanings of emerald being colour may be describing the green vegetation of the island, the Caribbean and England. Another meaning for emerald is how precious it is. When Grace Nichols uses his in this sentence this shows to the readers that the Caribbean is his own island at heart. This shows the connection that Island Man had with the Caribbean and how he feels alienated in London. A comparison to Blessing would be that they are using a pun for the same reason. This being to show how precious the water/island is to the people/Island Man and how the colour influences the people and Island Man. Grace Nichols uses repetition again in stanza 4 line 1. This is when she repeats the word muffling. Grace Nichols does this to emphasise to the reader how Island Man is still half in a sleeping state. This would also give the effect on the reader that Island Man is talking in his sleeping state. A link back to a quote at the start of the poem would be when Grace Nichols writes wombing. This implies a sanctuary were all the sounds of the outside would be muffled. Muffling will imply that he may be muffling into the waves/creases in this pillow. Grace Nichols chooses the phrase his crumpled pillow waves. I believe this is the best example of how Island Man is homesick and how he feels alienated in both societies. This is because Grace Nichols wants us to think of the crumples in the pillow being the peak of the waves in the middle of the clear blue Caribbean Sea. This gives the effect on the reader that when he is falling asleep all he is thinking about is home, the Caribbean therefore he is dreaming of home and is hearing sounds in London and relating them to sounds at home. For example the sounds of the blue surf is really the dull North Circular roar. He hears sounds in real life and they are interpreted as sounds he wants them to be in his dreams. On the last line of Grace Nichols states a very strong and very blunt phrase, Another London day. This is the most effective line in the poem. This is because it emphasises the monotonous feeling that Island Man has been experiencing. It is very blunt and straight to the point which makes it effective. This shows how repetitive London life is and how Island Man dreams of being in the free Caribbean. Although Blessing is about freedom and gain, Island Man is about freedom and loss. A mutual theme is water and it is emphasised in two different ways. They both create different atmospheres using different and similar poetic techniques. I feel that Blessing is a more effective poem and has more context surrounding it.

Method Overloading Default Parameters in Delphi

Method Overloading Default Parameters in Delphi Functions and procedures are an important part of the Delphi language. Starting with Delphi 4, Delphi allows us to work with functions and procedures that support default parameters (making the parameters optional), and permits two or more routines to have an identical name  but operate as completely different routines. Lets see how Overloading and default parameters can help you code better. Overloading Simply put, overloading is declaring more than one routine with the same name. Overloading allows us to have multiple routines that share the same name, but with a different number of parameters and types. As an example, lets consider the following two functions: {Overloaded routines must be declared with the overload directive} function SumAsStr(a, b :integer): string; overload; begin   Ã‚   Result : IntToStr(a b) ; end; function SumAsStr(a, b : extended; Digits:integer): string; overload; begin   Ã‚   Result : FloatToStrF(a b, ffFixed, 18, Digits) ; end; These declarations create two functions, both called SumAsStr, that take a different number of parameters and are of two different types. When we call an overloaded routine, the compiler must be able to tell which routine we want to call. For example, SumAsStr(6, 3) calls the first SumAsStr function, because its arguments are integer-valued. Note: Delphi will help you pick the right implementation with the help of code completion and code insight. On the other hand, consider if we try to call the SumAsStr function as follows: SomeString : SumAsStr(6.0,3.0) Well get an error that reads: there is no overloaded version of SumAsStr that can be called with these arguments. This means that we should also include the Digits parameter used to specify the number of digits after the decimal point. Note: There is only one rule when writing overloaded routines, and that is that an  overloaded routine must differ in at least one parameter type. The return type, instead, cannot be used to distinguish among two routines. Two Units - One Routine Lets say we have one routine in unit A, and unit B uses unit A, but declares a routine with the same name. The declaration in unit B does not need the overload directive - we should use unit As name to qualify calls to As version of the routine from unit B. Consider something like this: unit B; ... uses A; ... procedure RoutineName; begin    Result : A.RoutineName; end; An alternative to using overloaded routines is to use default parameters, which usually results in less code to write and maintain. Default/Optional Parameters In order to simplify some statements, we can give a default value for the parameter of a function or procedure, and we can call the routine with or without the parameter, making it optional. To provide a default value, end the parameter declaration with the equal () symbol followed by a constant expression. For example, given the declaration function SumAsStr (a,b : extended; Digits : integer 2) : string; the following function calls are equivalent. SumAsStr(6.0, 3.0) SumAsStr(6.0, 3.0, 2) Note:  Parameters with default values must occur at the end of the parameter list, and must be passed by value or as const. A reference (var) parameter cannot have a default value. When calling routines with more than one default parameter, we cannot skip parameters (like in VB): function SkipDefParams(var A:string; B:integer5, C:booleanFalse):boolean; ... //this call generates an error message CantBe : SkipDefParams(delphi, , True) ; Overloading With Default Parameters When using both function or procedure overloading and default parameters, dont introduce ambiguous routine declarations. Consider the following declarations: procedure DoIt(A:extended; B:integer 0) ; overload; procedure DoIt(A:extended) ; overload; The call to DoIt procedure like DoIt(5.0), does not compile. Because of the default parameter in the first procedure, this statement might call both procedures, because it is impossible to tell which procedure is meant to be called.

Observation of community Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Observation of community - Assignment Example We also use hand gestures as if to move a wand or catch a snitch (a ball in a wizard’s game of Quidditch). The vocabulary and actions are a secret language known only to Harry Potter fans. If an individual that had never watched or read the Harry Potter overheard or observed us, they would not understand over conversation. This is what makes the Potter Fans’ communication unique. It takes someone special to understand and appreciate the Harry Potter phenomenon. Fans can be young or old. I like Harry Potter because J.K. Rowling weaves an interesting story that is written simply. A third grader can enjoy a Harry Potter novel. Potter Fans usually have good imaginations, since it takes the imagination to even consider a parallel world of witches and wizards. A Potter Fan also must have a certain level of empathy. This is due to the lead character Harry Potter being a sympathetic character. All of my family members and friends that are Potter Fans possess these traits. Not everyone understands or likes Harry Potter. Due to the controversy of witches and wizards versus mainstream religion, religious people tend to not like Harry Potter. Not only do religious groups not like Harry Potter, but they tend to be offended by the mention of the subject. I would never talk about Harry Potter at church, or to individuals I know disapprove of the series. These people are in part of my discourse community conversation group, just not my Harry Potter discourse community conversation group. Potter Fans speak differently to each other than to people who are not a Potter Fan. I would never talk to someone at school about Quidditch, unless they acknowledge being a Potter Fan first. However, my close acquaintances are a different story. We enjoy talking about Harry Potter terms and Harry Potter in general. I know that my friends and family

The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Abolished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Abolished - Essay Example This discussion examines the benefits of raising the minimum wage not only for those workers who would gain monetarily but to employers as well and ultimately, the economy as a whole. Currently, the minimum wage stands at $7.25 which was increased from $5.85 per hour in July of 2009. This modest increase put minimum wage earners near the poverty line, about $16,000 for a family of three (Poverty Guidelines, 2006). The minimum wage had not been raised for seven years previous, the longest time span since the law first went into effect in 1938. This decline in the real value of the minimum wage over that seven years translated into lower real wages for millions of workers and contributed to the income gap between poor working families and the middle class. Raising the minimum wage allows those who make minimum salaries to keep up with inflation. It also helps those that need it the most such as single mothers and minorities. In addition, it will cause a ‘ripple effect’ in that wages will also increase for those that make just above the minimum. In 1968, a full-time employee who earned the minimum wage made what would be â€Å"the equivalent of $15,431 today, 44 percent more than today’s full-time minimum wage worker† (Lee, 1999, p. 1016). ... decreased by 20 percent since September 1997.   â€Å"The minimum wage still equals only 31 percent of the average wage for private sector, non-supervisory workers†¦ the lowest share since at least the end of World War II† (Bernstein & Shapiro, 2006). Some of those who oppose the increase have suggested that the dominant wage earner of families does not fall into the minimum wage category, that it normally applies to teenage summer workers. This assertion is not at all the case. The Economic Report of the President evaluated the evidence in 1999 and found that that this argument was indeed untrue stating in its report, â€Å"most minimum wage workers are adults from lower income families, and their wages are a major source of their families’ earnings† (Council of Economic Advisors, 1999, p. 111). Opponents also argue that raising the minimum wage will hurt the economy but, unlike the effects tax-cuts for the wealthiest Americans have on the economy, when t he poorest in society have extra income; they spend it on the necessities of life thus directly stimulating the local economy. Employers generally oppose increasing the minimum wage. Their claim is that they would be forced to lay-off employees to cover the extra costs. This claim, however, has been proven to be unfounded. On the front-end, employers may indeed pay more to their employees after a wage increase but, as evidence indicates, the increased costs to employers are usually compensated for by benefits. For example, employees who make a wage that allows their families to subsist, rather than not, are less likely to secure other employment which reduces the employer’s employee turnover rate thus reducing additional training and recruitment costs. It also results in a decrease in absenteeism as well as higher

Compare great depression with the last recession of 2008-2009 Term Paper

Compare great depression with the last recession of 2008-2009 - Term Paper Example Its impact hit the world for a long period that would see governments elect new leaders for several terms before it came to an end. Most of the African countries were still under colonial leadership and hence their independence came after the depression. It is estimated to have begun in October 1929, in United States, stretching across the next decade until 1939 (â€Å"The great depression,† thinkquest.org). At the beginning of the depression, Herbert Hoover was the president in United States, but transitions led to Franklin Roosevelt becoming his successor, while the country struggled to recover its economy. The end of the depression marked the beginning of World War II, where the United States appeared to be the chief creditor and source of funds for the war. The European nations were the most indebted to the United States; Germany and Great Britain suffered the most with regard to how their economies were devastated, as they struggled to pay war reparations, what they owed the United States, and change the weak state of their nations. The commonly referred 2008/2009 recession was termed as the worst so far since the postwar period. Precisely, its origin can be traced back in the United States after December 2007, in the emerging issues of the housing market; the economies linked with the United States had to experience the economic shock afterwards till the approximated time of its ending in June 2009 (EPI stateofworkingamerica.org). Majority of nations worldwide are in the better stages of recovery, and some have actually succeeded to overcome the tragedy. The global economy had shown progress before the recession, as most developing countries were working hard enough to raise their economies, since they had acquired development funds and support from the developed nations. Although the depression period was shorter, most developing nations were hit hard due to their linked economies and investments with developed nations. According to Cross, Canada stands out as the only G7 country that has entirely pulled out of the crisis compared to the rest six (statcan.gc.ca). In the United States, the recovery is yet to end though the economy’s progress is encouraging the citizens concerning their future. As for the European nations, the Euro zone crisis continues to affect their economies and industries to date. Most of their powerful nations like Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain are thriving on rescue program funds by the European bank and IMF (Raman ibtimes.com). Cause of the crisis: The great depression had earlier been preceded by another depression six months earlier, though its impacts were not severe. Great recession was initiated by the collapse of stock values in the New York stock exchange in October 1929; investors saw a quick and great loss in their shareholdings that after the next 3 years, the stock prices had reduced by 20% of their value in 1929 (â€Å"About the great,† illinois.edu). Before the decline o f the stock prices, New York stock value had increased, which encouraged massive number of investors to purchase more stock, in the hope that it would pay back with much profits when the future stock prices raise. However, the stock prices expressed variation in a very short period before drastically dropping. The value of assets downturn did not spare financial institutions that

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, Al-Mujahedeen, and Research Paper

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, Al-Mujahedeen, and Afghanistan War in the Period of Cold War - Research Paper Example of the Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan had a severe effect on the diplomatic relationship between the Soviets, and the United States, changing the complexion and nature of rivalry that existed between the two countries†. Furthermore, Mayer (2008) maintains that the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet Army created a regional and a global security concern mainly because the neighboring of Iran, Pakistan and other nations of the world, were waiting anxiously for purposes of witnessing the response of United States. Mayer (2008 p. 61) asserts â€Å"that the response of the United States was a covert action by the CIA to arm and train the Mujahedeen fighters in Afghanistan for purposes of fighting the Soviet Union†. This operation began in the 1980s, and ended in 1989 with the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. This paper analyzes the ethical issues surrounding the assistance that the United States gave to the Mujahedeen fighters during this period, only to label them later as terrorists when the Mujahedeen were no longer taking care of the interests of United States. In meeting the objectives of this paper, this paper will talk about the Mujahedeen fighters, and the role that United States played in helping them to defeats the Soviet Union. This paper also analyzes the role of the Soviet Union in this crisis, and the reasons of its invasion of Afghanistan. Specifically, this paper will talk about the kind of support that the US gave to the Mujahedeen fighters, and the kind of support that Soviet Union gave to the Afghanistan government, and the impact of these supports today. This paper further identifies the methods in which the international community can use for purposes of disarming the Mujahedeen fighters, and the role of the society in this process. Furthermore, the researcher will talk about Al-Qaeda and their relationship with the Taliban, and how they evolved into becoming the enemies of United States. This paper focuses on the reasons

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Introduction to Business - Essay Example Firstly it is the case that there is a strong public debt burden in the United States which can be attributed to the inability of the government to reign in its spending. Building on this point it is the case that according to the U.S. Treasury department approximately 23% and 21% of U.S. treasury securities are held by the central banks of China and Japan respectively. The solution to this problem would be for American voters to press their politicians to practice fiscal discipline. A second major problem facing the American economy which has negatively affects the economy recently is the American trade deficit which according to the CIA World Factbook (2010) reached a record $840 billion in 2008, in simple terms more is coming in than is going out. While many people would take a mercantilist viewpoint and argue that people should â€Å"Buy American† a simple solution would be for American manufacturers to simply look at what foreign products are filling this consumer gap domestically and look to find new ways to better serve their domestic customers. As a last major problem affecting the Ameican economy would be the sub prime mortgage market and credit default swaps that have helped fuel the economic downturn from 2007-2010. In terms of how credit default swaps work, they act as a type of insurance policy that backs investments and the way that they have arguable exacerbated the financial crisis is that the instruments help encourage investment in riskier investments. As far as sub prime mortgages are concerned it is the case that house prices growing every year it made sense for lenders to support buyers whose credit history was questionable (Owing to the fact that the buyers would see favorable returns in their housing prices). However when the bubble burst and the lenders sought their compensation from buyers it was the case that many people defaulted. The obvious solution for this circumstance would be for stricter regulation on

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, Al-Mujahedeen, and Research Paper

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, Al-Mujahedeen, and Afghanistan War in the Period of Cold War - Research Paper Example of the Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan had a severe effect on the diplomatic relationship between the Soviets, and the United States, changing the complexion and nature of rivalry that existed between the two countries†. Furthermore, Mayer (2008) maintains that the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet Army created a regional and a global security concern mainly because the neighboring of Iran, Pakistan and other nations of the world, were waiting anxiously for purposes of witnessing the response of United States. Mayer (2008 p. 61) asserts â€Å"that the response of the United States was a covert action by the CIA to arm and train the Mujahedeen fighters in Afghanistan for purposes of fighting the Soviet Union†. This operation began in the 1980s, and ended in 1989 with the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. This paper analyzes the ethical issues surrounding the assistance that the United States gave to the Mujahedeen fighters during this period, only to label them later as terrorists when the Mujahedeen were no longer taking care of the interests of United States. In meeting the objectives of this paper, this paper will talk about the Mujahedeen fighters, and the role that United States played in helping them to defeats the Soviet Union. This paper also analyzes the role of the Soviet Union in this crisis, and the reasons of its invasion of Afghanistan. Specifically, this paper will talk about the kind of support that the US gave to the Mujahedeen fighters, and the kind of support that Soviet Union gave to the Afghanistan government, and the impact of these supports today. This paper further identifies the methods in which the international community can use for purposes of disarming the Mujahedeen fighters, and the role of the society in this process. Furthermore, the researcher will talk about Al-Qaeda and their relationship with the Taliban, and how they evolved into becoming the enemies of United States. This paper focuses on the reasons

8,9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

8,9 - Essay Example Fundamentally, client satisfaction depends on feeling about a particular customer service extended to them by the businesses. Therefore, businesses have an obligation to add value by providing excellent customer service. In essence, it is significant to practice friendliness, courtesy, attentiveness, care, and responsiveness when dealing with clients even in situations where their requests seem unfavorable. The aforementioned factors are critical to the success of the business enterprise. My experience with a shipping company was embarrassing. I had waited for my products to be delivered in time, but the company did not explain to me comprehensively about the delay. The company sent an email to me in a language that appeared impolite. It was a total disregard and disrespect to me. Instead of communicating effectively the expected date of delivering my product, the company never presented any clear information to when I should receive my product. The company strategy of giving incomplete information was disrespect to me as a loyal customer. It would have been appropriate for the company to plan the message well, and present information that contains the reason for the delay of my product. In addition, the message ought to reflect a language that underpins hope, positivity, and credibility as the company seeks to maintain me as their

Marketing Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Marketing Evaluation Essay Recommend the position in the market. â€Å"Research undertaken by the Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) predicts that demand for travel and tourism in India will by an appreciable 8.1 per cent p.a. in the coming decade making it the third fastest growing travel destination in the world† (Bharwani Mathews, Risk Identification and analysis in the hospitality industry, 2012). India has emerged as an ideal location to embark on a global expansion in the hospitality industry. According to Line and Runyan, in the hospitality segment there have been countless studies that argue that customer service has a direct correlation to employee job satisfaction and productivity, the same is said in the international arena for hospitality (Line Runyan, 2012, p. 478). As with many of the international hospitality emergent, customer and employee interaction defines the profitability and sustainability of the company. World travelers look for impeccable service with all of the attributes of a bed and breakfast (Olsen, Chathoth, Sharma, 2001). According to Bhawarni and Butts, â€Å"guests actively seek superior quality, customized yet consistent hospitality experiences which integrate a subtle culture specific novelty with a certain acceptable level of service and product quality† (Bharwani Butt, Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective, 2012, p. 155). This sets the standards high for employees and management. In accordance with the standards of the international hospitality brands, Bollman is recommended to pursue a luxury branding for their entry into India. This will entail in depth training and qualification standards. Conduct a market evaluation by researching what companies in the relevant market are pro viding to employees from a total compensation perspective. Currently India does not have minimum wage set by the government, although this is expected to change in the near future, it does present a challenge for companies wishing to expand into the area. Due to the changes in the international travelers and hospitality consumers into the region India has a shortage of trained and efficient employees. The area is also being impacted due to the aging population, which shrinks the current labor force. This means that the training costs and employee turnover rate is a significant factor in the India market. According to Bharwani and Butt, competitors of this region have begun to put set company policies for minimum wage standards. International companies have implemented  competitive pay standards, incentive and benefit programs, productive and safe work environments, and the ability to advance within the company (Bharwani Butt, Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective, 2012, p. 158). Training has also been a key determinant in the success and customer satisfaction with international hospitality companies. The ability of the employees to deliver a luxury and home-like experience to the consumer is the foundation for success in the international arena. References Bharwani, S., Butt, N. (2012). Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(2), 150-162. Bharwani, S., Mathews, D. (2012). Risk Identification and analysis in the hospitality industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(5), 420-427. Jauhari, V., Rishi, M. (2012). Challenges faced by the hospitality industry in India: an introduction. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(2), 110-117. Line, N. D., Runyan, R. C. (2012). Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 477-488. Olsen, M. D., Chathoth, P., Sharma, A. (2001, April-September). Forces Driving Change in the Hospitality Industry in India. Journal of Services Research, 1(1), 3-21.a

Self development and attaining my SMART goals

Self development and attaining my SMART goals I have a dream. I see myself as the chief HR strategist of a world renowned media company or a top HRD consultancy. Sound academic understanding of HR is a priority developmental need, as highlighted in 11 Qualities of Effective Managers Pedler et al. (2006). I am from Pakistan and am staying in the UK for my wifes PhD. Utilising this as an opportunity I have enrolled on the MSc. HRD Consultancy course. Different learning style assessments helped frame my understanding of myself as a learner/manager. My learning style is Tactile/Kinaesthetic according to Jester (2000). I view my career as an opportunity to achieve meaningful objectives in a larger context. Here Scheins (2006) assessment sees strength: SV/Dedicated to Cause. I qualify as Directive on the Rowe (1987) Inventory and on Belbins (1981) I am an Implementer, Team-worker and Monitor/Evaluator. A Reflector on Honey Mumford (1986) assessment, my personality type/signature on Personal Style Inventory Hogan and Champagne (1980) is ESTJ (Extrovert, Sensing, Thinker, Judger Stabilizer), whereas I am the Confronting Owl on the Conflict Questionnaire Thomas Kilmann (2007, 1974). An example linking and defining most of the above findings may be that I want to make a difference by devising and implementing HR strategies which have a durable impact on employee well-being [dedication to cause]. With objectives like this, I like to be at the helm of affairs, preferring full autonomy and control over the situation [directive]. This brings independence to organize and move things at the required yet desired pace and affords me time to think things through, listen to everybody before deciding and carefully consider outcomes before concluding [reflector]. I love to be involved in community activities. Persevering, realistic, practical, loyal, steadfast, logical, are keywords for describing me [ESTJ]. However, my career plans are under threat as I face redundancy at work. My wife is expecting a baby so I may have to e ither defer the degree or roll back completely due to monetary solvency issues. This write-up critically reviews results of various learning styles assessments and derives a Personal Development Plan agreeing with the assertion that individuals are responsible for their career development and not just organizations CIPD (2010, 2003). It suggests possible ways for self-development and attaining my SMART goals. Guidance is provided on overcoming weaknesses to minimise and prevent current and future threats. I cannot and do not rule out the possibility of this being revised as my career evolves in future (maybe 5-10 years). Career history, Life situations, Overall purpose of planIntroduction I started my career as HR/Admin Officer working for an NGO after completing M.A. in English from Pakistan. The experience proved to be the diving deck to the field of HR. After 4 years in the role, I joined as Senior HR Officer at GEO TV Network, one of Pakistans leading news channels. A year later I moved to London when my wife was awarded a scholarship for PhD. At present, I am free-lancing at one of UKs leading courier companies as Training Support Co-ordinator. My wife is expecting a baby and I may face redundancy. My degree in English was my fathers choice and since the very start of my career in HR, I felt the need of complementary formal education. Thus, I had two objectives: first, acquiring a sound understanding on academic level; second, enhancing professional competence, personal/self development. Being in London has helped as I have enrolled for a specialist degree in HR. Developing a personal development plan is an exercise in organizing oneself, identifying development needs, and setting priorities. The very first positive effect of this exercise I noticed was that I learned how not to prioritise and discovered that I could always use the PDP as a tool/meter to keep a check on personal development. I can see that the PDP will serve as my guide towards developing a resilient sense of personal efficacy (Bandura, 1994: 72). Self-description Analysis I want to continue my career in HR. Miles and Snow (1996: 97) following Arthur et al. (1989) see career as the evolving sequence of a persons work experiences over time. At present I am working as Training Support Co-ordinator at a companys Technical department. However, I am looking to switch back to HR as soon as I get a HR related job. Given that I was Senior HR Officer before moving to London, in my new job i.e. in the UK, I expect to be at least on the same position if not an associate manager or manager. If, however, I have to go back to Pakistan, I will join my parent organization GEO TV Network and continue with my plans. Between the next 5-10 years I plan to concentrate on developing expertise in strategic decision-making and policy formulation. I aim to work my way to achieving a top position e.g. Director HR in a leading company like Reuters. It is the sense of fulfilment and effectiveness that I am seeking. Effective careers profit individuals, organizations, and society, notes Wilensky (1961; cited in Miles and Snow, 1996). Garnering sufficient expertise while moving step-wise up the career ladder, I will ensure that I have sound understanding of and experience in roles like partner in strategy execution, administrative expert, employee champion, and change agent Ulrich (1998). Learning/Development Needs Analysis Identifying learning style is pivotal to developing a PDP. Learning Styles can be identified by taking learning styles assessments which highlight learning/development needs, identifying core competencies and strengths and detecting gaps. Table 1 on the next page shows results from various assessments. Learning Style, Keefe (1979:2) is a composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. While with Stewart and Felicetti (1992:1) learning styles are educational conditions under which a student is most likely to learn. Thus, learning style is not about what is learned, rather how it is learned. Table 1: Learning/Development Needs Analysis There is greater consistency in the final results of the analysis than in-consistency. Sound academic understanding of HR is a priority developmental need, as highlighted in 11 Qualities of Effective Managers Pedler et al. (2006). In consonance with my aim of heading the HR department of a renowned company, this questionnaire assesses most of the qualities likely to be needed to achieve my aim. As the title suggests, the questionnaire seems designed for on-job professionals. 11 Qualities of Effective Managers Command of basic facts Relevant professional knowledge Continuing sensitivity to events Analytical, problem solving, decision/ judgement-making skills Social skills and abilities Emotional resistance Pro-activity Creativity Mental agility Balanced learning habits and skills Self knowledge Pedler et. al (2006) Table 2: 11 Qualities of Effective Managers While taking the Honey and Mumford (1992) assessment a noteworthy point was that even after I took the assessment twice, with a gap of almost two weeks I scored the highest for being a Reflector, considered to be more thinking and less practical. Honey and Mumford (1986) proposed the Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) claiming it to be more meaningful than Kolbs (Swailes and Senior 1999). However, this model owes its inception to Kolb (1984: 41), learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it. Kolbs (1988) postulate is based on the concept of experiential learning with the learning process involving four distinct learning abilities/styles, based on a four-stage learning cycle. Kolb devised his Learning Styles Inventory (LSI) to measure an individuals relative preference for the four learning styles (Swailes and Senior 1999; Kolb, Rubin and Osland 1995). Fig. 2, Honey Mumford Learning Style Source: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/honey_mumford.html Honey Mumford use different terminology Activist for Concrete Experience Reflector for Reflective Observation Theorist for Abstract Conceptualization Pragmatist for Active Experimentation Fig. 1: Kolbs Learning Style Source: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/kolb.html Kolbs Learning Process Learning from: CE Concrete Experience RO Reflective Observation AO Abstract Conceptualization AE Active Experimentation The result on the LSQ i.e. Reflector is in sharp contrast to the diagnosis on the Personal Style Inventory, Hogan and Champagne (1980) where my personality signature is ESTJ (Extrovert, Senser, Thinker, Judger) the Stabiliser. The Personal Style Inventory, Hogan and Champagne (1980) works with four pairs of personality dimensions: Introversion/Extraversion; Intuition/Sensing; Feeling/Thinking and Perceiving/Judging. These constructs are based on the original work of Carl Jung (1921) and are a variance of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (in Myers and Mc Caulley, 1985). Learners/managers with ESTJ personalities are thought to be more practical than thinking unlike reflectors. However, there is a streak of similarity as well. The Thinker in ESTJ is analytical, so is a Reflector Honey and Mumford (1992) thought of as. The Senser in ESTJ works with tedious detail Hogan and Champagne (1980) so does the Reflector take every detail into account before decisions. The Thinker in ESTJ has critical ability, the Reflector weighs pros and cons. I view my career as an opportunity to achieve meaningful objectives in a larger context. This scores high as a strength on Scheins (2006) assessment and identifies me as SV/Dedicated to Cause. The same assessment shows my strong GM/General Management competence, liking for AU/Autonomy and Independence, and a desire for SE/Security and Stability. The finding completely correspond to Rowe (1987) Decision Style Inventory where I qualify as Directive. The best organizational fit for Rowes Directive type and Scheins AU/Autonomy type is structured, such as bureaucracies, or where power and authority are important, notes Rowe (1987). My learning style is Tactile/Kinaesthetic according to Jesters (2000) which seems linked to being Reflector, working with detail. On Belbins (1981) I am an Implementer, Team-worker and Monitor/Evaluator. I am the Confronting Owl on the Conflict Questionnaire by Thomas Kilmann (2007, 1974). Consistent with findings on the LSQ Reflector, Implementers dislike unproven solutions or ideas. Team Workers are risk-averse and work well with clearly defined goals like Reflectors. Team worker also matches Owl the Confronter who seeks to resolve differences until all stakeholders agree on a solution. Monitor/Evaluator are slow deciders like Reflectors and prefer to think things through and see pros and cons of opinions and decisions. While Learning Styles are the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. Keefe (1979: 2), what such an analysis may fail to consider is the context in which a learner/manager behaves in one or the other way. An agreeable assertion in this regard would be by Sadler-Smith (2001: 295) warning against the application of learning style in an indiscriminate fashion. A necessary element of any argument that seeks to generalize is some comparison of the domains which one seeks to generalize from and to. Personally, I find 11 Qualities of Effective Manager Pedlar et al (2006) and the Hogan and Champagne (1980) Personal Style Inventory others as both clearly indicate aspects which are developed or are otherwise. SMART Goals Get a career job (HR related) Get a job which facilitates personal development on strategic and decision-making and policy formulation skills Work towards aim: to be Director HR at a leading company like Reuters Keep in mind: Learning and Development needs and improve upon Toolkit: Detailed PDP Table 3: SMART Goals 3.1 Learning and Development Needs Different learning style assessments helped frame my understanding of myself as a learner/manager. These exercises have been thoroughly helpful in highlighting my learning and development needs. REQUISITE LEARNING DEVELOPMENT DESCRIPTION PRIORITY Acquire relevant professional knowledge High Immediate Proactive Attitude High Mental Agility High Time Management Medium Table 4: Learning and Development Needs Theoretical background/academic understanding, which will augment my professional competence, is what I am keen to work on and thus have enrolled myself on the course at Birkbeck. Successful managers must exhibit career resilience and should participate in the management of their careers by taking greater responsibility for their learning Thomson et al., 2001 Waterman et al., 1994, as quoted in Martin and Butler, 2000. Absence of professional courses induces a sense of under-confidence and sometimes professional insecurity. The immediate negative effect is that it makes my job very demanding and requires use of creativity. On the other hand however, I have thorough knowledge regarding my company and its areas of specialisation. I have been actively involved in various projects, drawing up policies and procedures, organizing job fairs, employer branding, dealing with ER issues, disciplinary, exit interviews, etc. The sense of under-confidence may well be a source of lack of pro-active attitude and mental agility. Given the fact that on my job there are other colleagues with more qualifications and trainings under their belt, this may be holding me back from being active and agile. I am fairly good with Time Management. However, I do see the need to be more effective at this. Green and Skinner (2005) believe that managing time has positive impact on career and life. Proposed Learning Learning is perceived as a result from four main sources/activities namely experience (from everyday life and on-the-job), training, modelling others in the workplace and coaching (i.e. apprenticeship and being looked after) Antonacopoulou, (1999). There is an observable inter-dependence between the learning and development needs. This translates into a reliable PDP. As mentioned earlier, I will use the PDP to keep a check on my progress. This means that the PDP will be revised from time-to-time. Table 5: Personal Development Plan Conclusion This write-up critically reviewed results of various learning styles assessments and derived a Personal Development Plan agreeing with the assertion that individuals are responsible for their career development, not just organizations CIPD (2010, 2003). Under the following two sub-headings, I will carry out a learning review as well as give a self-reflective account. Learning Review Various assessments have given me a clear picture of what my learning priorities should be and that in order for this to be a learning exercise and experience that delivers, it is essential that my goals be interdependent as well as SMART. At present, figuratively speaking, I am miles away from where I should be working i.e. my current job in a technical department of a courier company is no help to my career plans. However, I am now redundant and this might be a blessing in disguise. I want to be in a HR job. This will help me continue my journey towards my goals all the way developing strategic decision-making skills. Also it will alleviate the sense of professional in-security as I am seeking complimentary formal education. I see that this fear has done me damage in terms of reduced mental agility and low level of proactive attitude. I will keep a check on my progress through the PDP. All of the above is time dependant. Green and Skinner (2005) put it as having positive impact and I will work towards achieving excellence in time management. Self-reflection Under learning review above, I have tried to review my goals as set above to and prove that they are inter-dependant. Further immediate improvement is direly needed in terms of theoretical concepts and formal specialist knowledge-base which will help me gain more professional competence and boost confidence.

Baker :: essays research papers

Director of Bakery Cooperative My buddy is a baker out in DowningTown J$G Bagelry so I thought reading about a baker would be nice start to see what he does after he leaves home at one two in the morning to not return until midday. I know a few things about what by buddy does one is that you can't stay in the same bakery for more than 8 hours in a row or you get kind of sick I know he has to manage a bunch of people at two different bakeries. It seems like a job that could be fun but bad hours and a lot of responsibility. The one thing that would be hard is that my friend has to stay till the work is done and that can be 48 hour days. I want to work there but I bet they are out of business by now. The ideas that are held in esteem by these people are some things I want to be part of. First, the idea of community involvement stated as such, "We hire only nationhood people. We will hire anyone who can do the work. There have been all ages." (467). The other idea I like is that there is no owner and it's non profit, as the put it, "I'm the director. It has no owner. Originally I owned it. We're a nonprofit corporation 'cause we give our leftover bread away, give it to anyone who would be hungry."(447). They seem to mean that witch they say about giving away food I was most impressed with the story of the naborhood drunk, it goes something like this A drunk, who had obviously had a hard day's night, enters. There is a soft discussion. She hands him a loaf. He leaves, "He asked me for a quarter.

Japan and Korea Essay -- History Historical Korea Japan Essays

Japan and Korea Did Japan modernize or exploit Korea? Scholars have debated this question with vigor throughout this century. I do not believe the answer is so black and white. While looking at the history of the colonization, evidence of both should appear. The word colonization alone generally means to move into another people’s land and exploit resources. However, positive results can appear during a negative situation. Regardless of what point of view an individual takes, there is no doubt that Japan has dramatically influenced Korea. This is common with most nations in the industrialization period or the modernization period. Think about it, every treaty endorsed between nations leads to policy change. The lessons learned from previous agreements, aid in creating new policies. Korea, suggested by Cummings, was a buffer zone between China and Japan. China acted as the big brother or role model for Korea. Culture, language values and society itself developed by free choices made by the Korean government. However, China was always ready to step in if Korea seemed to get to powerful or weak. Cummings makes this relationship sound as if everything was all right as long as Korea depended on the aid of China and respected China’s dominance of the region. Japan although at times respected China’s power believed that if Korea would consider themselves equal to China Japan could take the role of the regional superpower. Japan also, at times thought they were superior to both China and Japan and should incorporate them both into the Japanese empire and at times had been fairly successful in dong so. Many factors allowed the Japanese colonization of Korea. For one, Korea had adopted an isolationist philosophy early in its history. Cummings has said many times that when you landed in Korea the first question asked was â€Å"when are you leaving?† In addition, Korean tradition did not place a high value on trade. Cummings went on to say that Korea was the only place that when a profit was made, it was not a joyous occasion. Do not be misled by that statement that would leave one to think that Korean people were inferior and should be exploited, for I do not believe that at all. The Confucianism heritage did not believe in profit. However, equitability was not forbiddened. Such led to the tributary and cultural exchanges between Korea and China. These beliefs... ...er Japanese control, as well as to keep Korea profitable for Japan. Did Japan modernize Korea? No. Did the Japanese aid in the beginning of Korea’s industrialization period? Yes, the infrastructure and technology forced upon Korea definitely gave the Korean people a foundation to industrialization. The problem I have in saying that Japan modernized Korea is that modernization in general has a positive connotation. I do not want to become a victim to the cliches of one race blaming another for certain hardships. However, I propose this question, Did the Japanese occupation lead to positive modernization of Korea or the divisiveness that has haunted Korea for almost fifty years? I will not say that if Japan did not invade Korea that Korea would be unified today, or am I willing to say that another country would not have tried to colonize Korea. I do believe that Korea when their society was ready would have mobilized themselves to become an industrialized nation. I also believe that when they would have come to that point that they would have enjoyed the same type of success in growth rate that was present from the late 1960’s. The only difference is when would Korea start.

The Harsh Reality of Racism

Black Boy, a novel by Richard Wright, is a heart-wrenching story about the harsh reality of racism, prejudice, and hostility that are revealed through the struggles of one young black boy. The young black boy is desperately trying to understand the cruel and negative world he is living in. This young black boy is on a mission to be educated and be successful. Richard Wright is determined to succeed in life. Richard's success is based on his determination and drive to overcome obstacles that he would face on a day to day basis in all aspects of his life. Richard was growing up in a time period that was both discouraging and hostile to blacks attempting to obtain an education and become successful. Through all of his hardships and obstacles, Richard continued to have a positive outlook on life. A positive outlook kept Richard focused on his dream to leave the south and eventually be free from all racial and prejudice matters. During the early twentieth century, racial issues, along with very strong prejudice feelings ran throughout the south. The Jim Crow laws separated the blacks from the whites and led the blacks to believe they were not important. Seating arrangements on busses, drinking from different water fountains, and even the arrogance of not being allowed to eat at counters in public restaurants were examples of some of these laws. Therefore, very little emphasis was placed on the education and success of a young black boy. In order for Wright to be successful, he had to pursue an education and overlook the strong prejudiced feelings he was faced with. These were hard times for blacks, but he worked hard to overcome his obstacles and reach for what he believed in. He did this during a time when there was no desire to see a colored person overcome the chances and be successful. Richard Wright's determination to succeed, and to overcome the social forces fighting against him was facet of southern culture that was familiar to all who lived, or even passed through the South during this time. The races showed no initiative of coming into contact with one another. However, there was a fear among them. Although he had fear, his curiosity about the races was not eliminated. For example, Richard once ventured into a white neighborhood attempting to sell his dog for money to buy food. On that day, he saw a glimpse of a world he had never seen before. Wright saw things such as I tucked her under my arm and went for the first time alone into a white neighborhood where there were wide clean streets and big white houses. Finally a young white woman came to the door and smiled. I waited on the porch, marveling at the cleanliness, the quietness of the white world. (69) Richard now understood that whites lived so much better and he wondered why he and his brother had spent so many days doubled over in pain from the hunger they had come to know so well. Wright uses prejudice and racism throughout his autobiography to encounter some of the most ludicrous moments that he had to experience while growing up in the South. For example, when Wright responded to the question on what he wanted to do in life, the lady turned to him and told him he was wasting his time trying to become a writer, knowing he was a Negro as stated in this quote: â€Å"Then why are you going to school?† She asked in surprise. â€Å"Well, I want to be a writer,† I mumbled, unsure of myself; I Had not planned to tell her that, but she had made me feel so Utterly wrong and of no account that I needed to bolster myself. â€Å"To write stories,† I mumbled defensively. â€Å"You†ll never be a writer,† she said. â€Å"Who on earth put such Ideas into your head nigger head?† â€Å"I didn†t think anybody ever would,† she declared indignantly (Wright 147). It was unheard of being someone of importance and being black at the same time. Another good example of the prejudiced lifestyle of Wright was when he accepted his first job as a porter for a in a clothing store. Wright was forced into washing floors and was not allowed to come into contact with people who entered the store. In Richard's early life, many social roadblocks threatened to make it more difficult for him to hold on to his dream. Race and prejudice created challenges, but the true challenge came in an entirely different form. The true challenge was to become an accepted black man in a white mans society. Richard Wright became successful in a country that did not encourage him or to create opportunities for blacks. He succeeded in spite of personal hardships, racial adversity, constant hunger, and the lack of educations. Richard Wright fought the battle and came out victorious. Wright became a man who was not defined by his color, but by his talent. His talent was recognized because his strength and determination led him to succeed.

Female Bounding Colour Purple Essay

Do you agree with the view that the British actions at Amritsar were justified in the aftermath of world war one The British actions at Amritsar were justified in the aftermath of world war one to an extent. The war seemed to boost the self esteem on Indians and unite them, suggesting threat against the raj, however the view in source 10 shows that there was no proof of a conspiracy, source 11 agrees with this but also shows why dyer might have acted in this way. Source 12 agrees with the fact that the actions were justified in the aftermath of world war one. The aftermath of world war one increased the self esteem if Indian as they were fighting alongside British soldiers, it also strengthened the arguments of the Indian politicians that India should be given a greater say in Indian affairs, this suggests that Indian nationalism was starting to progress. Muslims and Hindus had also joined together, forming the Lucknow pact, which shows that the Indians were becoming more powerful as they were joining together but the day of the massacre in Amritsar only included mostly Sikh people who were gathered to celebrate their religious festival showing that the attacks weren’t necessary. local officials also went on strike as a result of the aftermath of the war, suggesting that support for the raj was crumbling, showing that maybe the action of the British at Amritsar were due to the fear of Indian nationalism and the falling support for the raj. However source 10 clearly says that â€Å"it is not proven that any conspiracy had been formed† and that Dyer had acted â€Å"beyond the necessity of the case† showing that his action was not necessary and fair as there was no proof and evidence at the scene at jailaiwad bagh to justify that the actions of the British. Source 11 is a letter by Dyer saying that if he had hesitated it would have â€Å"induce attack† showing that the British might of felt that the Indians had gained power after world war one so they might attack . The source also suggests that there was no proof that there was going to be an attack, but dyer assumed it and therefore has fired without warning, this supports source 10 which says that it wasn’t proven that there was a â€Å"conspiracy†, showing that dyers actions were not necessary. However after world war one hartal were being organised to protest against the Rowlett acts, the two men who had started these hartals were arrested by the authorities, this lead to riots in Amritsar. The riots soon turned into an anti European attack, European women and children were beaten. Therefore source 11 could suggest that the reason Dyer fired without warning at the â€Å"dense crowd† was due to his fear of an attack as there were meetings being held in jalilawad bagh discussing the Rowlett acts, therefore dyer had presumed that a similar result to the Amritsar riots was bound to happen. The result of the riots at Amritsar support source 12, which is a letter by the European women thanking dyer for his actions which â€Å"saved the Punjab and thereby preserved the honour and lives of hundreds of women and children† this show that the women has felt threatened by what had happened at the riots which they also presumed would of happened at jailiawa bagh. However there was no proof on the day of the massacre that there was a conspiracy or any form of rebellion. To conclude, the British actions at Amritsar were justified in the aftermath of world war one to an extent , the Indian confidence had risen and they started to unite which shows that they were heading towards nationalism which was a threat to the raj, the Amritsar riots had also made an influence of the actions of dyer on the day of the massacre as many European women and children were killed , this might of showed that the same was bound to happen in jalianwala bagh as many people were gathered together and some were also discussing and protesting against the Rowlett acts. However as it says in source 10, â€Å"it is not proven that any conspiracy had been formed to overthrow British power† suggesting that dyers actions were necessary as there was no proof on the day.

Economic Organization and Transaction Costs Essay

Economic Organization and Transaction Costs - Essay Example Often included in this category are the accrued transportation/ logistical costs. Accordingly, these expenses are crucial in deciding whether or not to make or buy a product/ service (Cheung, 1987, p. 55). The paper will conduct a literature search and review that is related to a case study in transaction cost economics. The focus will be on General Motors and the Fisher Body Company, during the 1920s, in regard to the pertinent economics of organizations. There is have to accentuate at the beginning that there is not and will never be one brought together hypothesis of vertical integration. While the writing on vertical integration has a tendency to concentrate on a basic dichotomy between the choice to "make" inside or "purchase" through the business, from a TCE or NIE viewpoint we must be delicate in the way that there are a wide exhibit of business based administration plans that speak to different options for both straightforward unknown rehashed spot market exchanges and vertic al integration. These two administration plans are polar cases. Hypothetical and exact research in the NIE convention looks at not just the determinants of the limits in the middle of firms and markets additionally the sources of different "half and half structures" of administration structure that lie between basic mysterious spot market exchanges and bound together various leveled associations with fluctuating regions of vertical and even control. These crossover structures incorporate different sorts of long-haul contracts, joint endeavors, double sourcing (incomplete vertical integration), holding organizations, and open undertakings (Williamson, 1996, 2000, p. 598).

Strengths of the welfare system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strengths of the welfare system - Essay Example In 1996, the welfare system was improved so that it can provide justifiable benefits to people with need (Welfare Information,† US Welfare System - Help for US Citizens†). The welfare system of America comprises several public programs, which intends to provide support to the people. For example, one important program of American welfare system is food stamps program, which assists poor people in purchasing grocery products. There is also unemployment benefits program that provide support to the employees who lost their occupations. The Medicaid program of American welfare system delivers inexpensive healthcare services to the low-income group people, thus assist the poor individuals to maintain healthy lifestyle. The child welfare program helps to prevent child abuse and encourage care for children who need assistance such as to live in foster homes or to arrange for reunification and adoption among others (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"How the Child Welfare System Works†). The key strength of welfare system in America is that it provides assistance to people with need and thereby fights against poverty. It provide financ ial support with respect to domiciliary expenditures, food, clothing requirements and lodging, until the particular individual gain the ability to earn and to live. Historically, there was much concern in America regarding unequal treatment particularly for African ancestry. While providing support, families of African ancestry was likely to be abused and neglected. For example, it can be observed that African children are likely to be removed from foster homes on the basis class and they also experienced poverty, poor lodging and low level of access to health insurance. As an outcome, it eventually resulted in criminal behavior among black people. The rise of welfare system in America contributed greatly to the wellbeing of African ancestry in order to maintain a

Management Accounting and the Modern Business Enviroment Essay

Management Accounting and the Modern Business Enviroment - Essay Example It ensures the appropriate use of and accountability for an organization's resources. Management accounting also comprises the responsibility for the preparation of financial reports for the non-management groups such as regulatory agencies and tax authorities. Simply stated, management accounting is the accounting for the planning, control, and decision-making activities of an organization." (Shim & Siegel, pg 1, 1998) Management accounting presents the executive professionals with the foundation in making educated business decisions that would allow them to be superiorly equipped in their management and be in command of functions. In contrast to financial accountancy information (which, for public companies, is public information), management accounting information is used within an organization (typically for decision-making) and it is generally classified and accessible by a select few. Its foremost focus is on the formulation of strategies, planning and assembly of business activities and the optimal exploitation of resources. The aspects of decision making, protection of assets and the assistance in making of financial reports are also amongst the fundamental principles working behind the concept of management accounting. The accounting practitioners and mentors of the late 1980s became conscious of the drastic transformation of the fundamentals of global business environment. This led them to diligently work in the development of novel skills and techniques that could cater the needs of the rapidly varying business environment. This transformation of business methodologies is known as the transition from the 'traditional' to the highly developed and sophisticated business technologies. "The business environment in recent years has been characterized by increasing competition and a relentless drive for continuous improvement. Several approaches have been developed to assist organizations in meeting these challenges, including just-in-time (JIT), total quality management (TQM), process reengineering, and the theory of constraints (TOC)." (Garrison and Noreen, 1999) TQM engross focusing on the client, and it utilizes methodical problem solving using teams made up of front-line personnel. Benchmarking and the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle constitute the particular TQM tools. Any internal strife in the organization is shunned due to the emphasis on teamwork, a focus on the client, and facts. On the other hand, Process Reengineering revolves around the entire restructuring of a business procedure so that non-value-added activities are eradicated and prospects for blunders are truncated to a minimum. It relies more on outside experts than TQM and is thus more prone to be promulgated by top management. Where as, the theory of constraints, highlights the significance of administering the organization's limitations. (Garrison and Noreen, 1999) Just-In-Time (JIT) Manufacturing Just-In-time manufacturing or JIT originated in Japan and has been in practice in the country since the early 1970's. It was developed and improved by Taiichi Ohno of Toyota, who is now acclaimed to be the pioneer of the concept of JIT. "The idea was developed by Taiichi Ohno as a procedure to meet client demands with the least possible delays. JIT was therefore, initially, principally used to manufacture goods so that client orders