Anarchy Essays (1062 words) - International Relations Theory

Anarchy Anarchy is seen as one end of the spectrum whose other end is marked by the presence of a legitimate and competent government. International politics is described as being spotted with pieces of government and bound with elements of community. Traditionally, international-political systems are thought of as being more or less anarchic. Anarchy is taken to mean not just the absence of government but also the presence of disorder and chaos. Although far from peaceful, international politics falls short of unrelieved chaos, and while not formally organized, it is not entirely without institutions and orderly procedures. Although it is misleading to label modern international politics as anarchic, the absence of a universal international law prohibits well-regulated behavior. But, international regulation is not completely absent from world politics. With the end of the Cold War, the ground seems ready for an acceleration of this century's trend in increasing international regulation of more issues once typically seen as part of state domestic jurisdiction. But as international law embraces new actors and a growing range of forms, topics, and technologies, and as it moves further away from strictly "foreign" concerns to traditionally domestic areas, its proponents must increasingly confront new obstacles head-on. Traditionally, most rules of international law could be found in one of two places: treaties or customary law (uncodified, but equally binding rules based on long-standing behavior). But as new domains from the environment to the Internet come to be seen as appropriate for international regulation, states are sometimes reluctant to embrace any sort of binding rule. Today all but the most doctrinaire of scholars see a role for so-called soft law-precepts emanating from international bodies that conform in some sense to expectations of required behavior but that are not binding on states (the World Bank's Guidelines on the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment, for example). Soft law principles also represent a starting point for new hard law, which attaches a penalty to noncompliance. Whether in the case of hard or soft law, new participants are making increased demands for representation in international bodies, conferences, and other legal groupings and processes. They include both recognized and unrecognized substate entities (Hong Kong and Tibet, for example); nongovernmental organizations; and corporations. Scholars accept that these other actors have independent views that do not fit neatly into traditional theories of how law is made and enforced. Most states comply with much, even most, international law. But without a mechanism to bring transgressors into line, international law is "law" in name only. The traditional toolbox to secure compliance with the law of nations consist of negotiations, mediation, countermeasures, or, in rare cases, recourse to supranational judicial bodies such as the International Court of Justice. For many years, these tools have been supplemented by the work of international institutions, whose reports and resolutions often help "mobilize shame" against violators. But today, states, NGO's, and private entities have striven for sanctions. And the UN's ad hoc criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda show that it is at least possible to devise institutions to punish individuals for human rights atrocities. Nonetheless, the success of these enforcement mechanisms depends on the willingness of states to support them. When global institutions do not work, regional bodies may offer more influence over member conduct in economics, human rights, and other areas. In addition, domestic courts increasingly provide an additional venue to enforce international law. Even with a defined international law and a "world government" to enforce it, cooperation in general, in international politics, is troubled. Research on international regimes moved from attempts to describe the phenomena of interdependence and international regimes to closer analysis of the conditions under which countries cooperate. How does cooperation occur among sovereign states and how do international institutions affect it? Indeed, why should international institutions exist at all in a world dominated by sovereign states? This question seemed unanswerable if institutions were seen as opposed to or above, the state but not if they were viewed as devices to help states accomplish their objectives. The new school of thought argued that, rather than imposing themselves on states, international institutions should respond to the demand by states for cooperative ways to fulfill their own purposes. By reducing uncertainty and the costs of making and enforcing agreements, international institutions help states achieve collective gains. This new institutionalism was not without its critics, who focused their attacks on two perceived shortcomings. The counterargument focused on the absence of a world government or effective international legal system to which victims of injustice can appeal. Second, theorists of cooperation had recognized that cooperation is not harmonious: it

The Management Planning of Halliburton

The Management Planning of Halliburton PAGE PAGE 6 The Management PlanningThe Management Planning of HalliburtonIraida LomuscioUniversity of PhoenixMgt 330:/ Theory, Practice, and ApplicationAugust 18, 2007The Management Planning of HalliburtonIn order for a company to achieve its optimum level of profit, planning needs to be the most integral part of management. Halliburton is one of the largest corporations in the United States and is one of the world's largest providers of products and services to the oil and gas industry. Management's responsibility is to set up and implement procedures through which the company can achieve maximum potential. This will only be possible when management asserts and adheres to a diversified, well planned business strategy.Halliburton is an oilfield service company and provider of engineering and construction services. Halliburton was founded in 1919 and has proved it is a solid foundation, yet it only has grown tremendously within the last few years when two new divisions were formed: t he Energy Services Group (ESG) and Kellogg Brown and Root KBR).Seen in Duncan, Oklahoma the Original Home of Hall...This profitable change is a direct result of the merger with Dresser Industries in 1998. In 2001 Halliburton recorded a record 13 billion in profits.(Halliburton,2007,p3) The Energy Services Group offers a wide range of products and services to upstream oil and gas customers worldwide, ranging from the manufacturing of drill bits and other down hole and completion tools and pressure pumping services. KBR, on the other hand, is the engineering subsidiary for Halliburton and is a global leader in construction and project management. Additionally, KBR is a leading government service contractor, which subsequently has been the focal point of many legal and ethical issues.After an extensive audit by the Justice Department it was revealed that KBR overcharged the US government by $27.4 million and used that money to...

Analysis of Military Leadership Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Military Leadership - Article Example Therefore, managers need to adopt good leadership styles in order to ensure that respective organizations or sectors become successful, thus facilitating the achievement of set goals and objectives. An officer commanding a naval military ship needs to adopt an effective and appropriate leadership style in order to meet the goals of the entire crew thereby being regarded as successful in their mission. This is because it is the commanding officer who is looked upon to offer direction and give orders on the course of action to be taken by the junior officers. Therefore, in case poor decisions are arrived at due to weak leadership, the entire crew will fail and the blame for failure will entirely lie upon the commanding officer in charge (Labarre, 1999, p.1). In order to reduce chances of failure, a commanding officer will need to apply appropriate and effective leadership when commanding the juniors. First, a commander needs to concentrate on the purpose of the mission rather than focu sing on the chain of command (Labarre, 1999, p.1). This leadership style will ensure that the commander does not seek for obedience from the juniors. Instead, he or she seeks to ensure that every sailor performs exemplary in his or her duties, thus ensuring that the entire team emerges successful. For instance, there occur situations when something goes a mess yet the commander is not in reach to issue orders. In such situations, the juniors can rectify the situation instead of waiting for orders from the commander (Iskra, 2012, p.1). This will ensure that the overall performance of the team is good and nothing goes a mess while there are people on watch. Consequently, focusing on performance rather than command ensures that the junior members of the crew feel appreciated since they are assigned individual roles to play. Therefore, every member of the crew will acknowledge the work and role of other members, and thereby develop the urge and morale to work hard and emerge successfull y within the entire group (Earnhardt, 2007, p.1). Moreover, by concentrating on performance rather than showing obedience will reduce the tension among the juniors and the commander. This is because, in some situations, there are some junior members of the crew who do not like to be commanded, and thus do not feel secure when commanded. This might reduce their performance thereby lowering the overall performance of the entire crew. Consequently, some of the commanders might be arrogant and thereby bully their junior members. They might bully or mistreat the junior crewmembers for either personal grudge or misunderstanding. This kind of behavior may affect negatively on the morale and relations between the commander and the juniors thereby slowing performance (Earnhardt, 2007, p.1).

The Ethics of Mountaintop Removal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ethics of Mountaintop Removal - Essay Example Moreover, mountaintop removal is associated with the destruction of the physical environment for the surrounding communities which minimizes on the overall good done to the neighboring communities. Human beings generally love the aesthetic view of their surroundings which makes them feel happy about what they see around (Camacho, 2010). Mountaintop removal while mining coal, however, destroys this aesthetic view by deforestation and surface destruction among other scenery destructive activities (Mcgarvey & Johnston, 2013). In fact, deforestation in itself is responsible not only for changing the climatic conditions of an area but also affects the freshness of air that the inhabitants of the neighboring communities breathe (Zullig, M.S.P.H & Hendryx, 2011). This is with regard to the fact that vegetation is responsible for facilitating the gaseous exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. Such an interference with the natural sceneries is, therefore, an undesirable activity which re mains to be a total interference to the moral and ethical standards of inhabitants of the neighboring community. Without regulation of the mining activities of companies involved in the mining of coal, it may be impossible to maximize on the principles of utilitarianism which entails creating more â€Å"good† to the community while reducing the bad effects of the mining activities in the neighborhood.The coal industries can be considered to be more consumptive than preservative in their mining processes.

Myths and narratives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Myths and narratives - Essay Example It goes on to explain the intricacies of the friendship between the two people, where they are a rock to each other in good times, especially when they are both enjoying and experiencing success. However, there comes time when one of them, labeled as a law breaker, makes a mistake and breaks the law, which threatens the friendship as the law-abiding friend tries to stay away from helping his friend. When the time of trial comes for the law breaker, he is sentenced to death, and because of his love for his law-abiding friend he frames him so that they are sentenced together and die together. This forms the basis of The Water Ghost narrative, which holds on to the ones it loves so that it is not left lonely in the next world. The story bears a common moral of not abandoning friends in time of needs as their love for those who abandon them could force them to take drastic measures against them leading to regrettable consequences. A critical look into the story shows that this is a rathe r uncommon occurrence as the law-breaking friend should leave the law-abiding one as he did nothing wrong. Instead, he frames him for wrongs that he did leading altogether to a paradoxical teaching and moral of friendship. However, listeners of the myth should pay attention to the intricacies of friendship and how friendships can ruin lives, even though with well-intended actions. A good highlight of this one is the way that the law-breaker frames the law abiding friend into serving a similar sentence with him despite being innocent. On the other hand, the same story shows the demerits of not meeting the expectations of friends when they are in difficult situations in spite of their actions. As such, the law abiding friend distances himself from the law breaker so that he is not implicated, but then again he gets framed to serve a similar sentence for breaking their beautiful friendship. The effectiveness of the events depicted in this story are applicable in many scenarios, especia lly when communicating a moral or social convention towards handling friendships in tight situations. As a result, the lesson acts as a guide to ward off bad friends and create awareness of different types of friendships as well as how much some friends are capable of ensuring the safety of their friends. It, however, fails in one aspect, which is that of helping with decision making towards friendships as it only portrays the positive and negative meaning of friendship likely to lead to not having any friends. At the same time the story also justifies irrational behavior in friendships. Narratives serve a crucial part in the delivery of information, where they are easily remembered by the audience, thus, bringing the concept closer to the audience (Calavera, 2008). In addition, narratives and storytelling such as the one above allow to pass concepts in fun ways and the ones that can easily be related to by the audience because stories are great ways of passing time and delivering c ommunication to the intended parties. Communication of a lesson in the form of a story is apparently different based on the evidence from studies which shows a higher level of captivation and arousal of interest as compared to the boredom brought about by following the rigid rules. These rules form a framework for resistance, while storytelling breaks away from the monotonous instruction of what should be done and that which should not. So,

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes COMMUTERS’ PREFERENCES/CHOICES ON ROAD TRANSPORTATION MODE IN THE NIGER-DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF WARRI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA ATUBI, A. O. ABSTRACT Road transportation is essential/n the life of any modern society; this is because it entails the movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. It is the main medium used to revitalize the social, economic and political structures. The data used for this study were mainly from primary and secondary sources and from the analysis of the data, it was revealed that commuters in Warn metropolis prefer the use of motorcycle transportation to other means of transportation. For more rigorous analysis, an inferential statistical technique known as the multiple correlations was used. INTRODUCTION This study of transportation is multi-disciplinary, involving various disciplines each in a strict sense, with its own area of emphasis. For instance, whereas pricing and regulations are the main area of focus of economists, transport systems analysis is usually the interest of the engineers (Ikporukpo, 1998). It is generally recognized that the geographer’s interest is essentially the spatial perspective (Hoyle and Knowles, 1992: Knowles; 1993; Tolley and Turton, 1995). Indeed, Eliot-Hurst (1973) has argued that â€Å"transportation is a measure of the relationship between areas and therefore, is essentially geographical†. In spite of the disciplinary boundaries, it is increasingly becoming clear that the study of transportation is best approached through an interdisciplinary perspective. Ogunsaya (2002) recognized this when he said; although the process of spatial economic development of any country is a complex one involving several variables, transport stands out as a catalyst in the process of change in its development. Its role in agriculture, industry, commerce, health, education, tourism, among other is recognized’. Kraft et al (1971) observed that transport becomes a critical factor in regional growth since it determines the extent of which an area can capitalize on its economic development. Transport, as a derived demand, is the artery, which all human activities flow. Transport as the Bridge of spatial in equality that enables/aids development, is often use as an indicator of the overall development of a nation. No wonder, Onakornaiya and Ekanem (1977) said, any nation is as developed as her transport sector which is a basic service sector to all other sectors of the economy developed. Changes in the way economic activities are organized are well understood. However, as yet, the role of transport in facilitating these changes is well defined. Most recently, economic forces have been supplemented by technological changes, which have allowed many transactions to be carried out simultaneously. The quantity and speed of transactions have increased exponentially. A number of authors discussed these issues, the most notable being Downs (1989), Sassen (1999); Castells (2000; 2004). Transportation enables consumers to enjoy the availability of goods, which are not provided as produced in their immediate locality because of climate or soil condition, the lack of raw materials, utilities or labours or the cost of production. Such a system allowed consumers a choice of goods, which would not otherwise be available (United States Department of Transportation, 2000; 2004; Kruger et al 2001; Atubi and Onokala, 2003; Rodrigue, 2004). Recent urban transportation studies address the identification and measurement of behavioural variables in the development of spatial choices models. However, the choice of destinations is generally remain divorced from other travel choice, such as mode of travel and time of trip (Dommecich, 1985), as well as attempt to explain travel mode choice as a significant component of urban travel behaviours. For example, Ruston (1991), investigated consumer behaviours in space, which are based upon revealed preferences. This observed behaviour, may say very little concerning individual preferences. Individual attitudes are most often defined in terms of persons (Golob, 2000). Hartgen (1998) noted that the employment of attitudes as explained by variables is made choice of quantitative aspect of consumers demand. This modelling strategy is not limited to those attributes such as travel times and out of pocket cost which are easily quantified and characterized by an established and easily accessible metric. Hartgen and Tuner (2001) employed an attitudinal index to prevent travel mode choices. Allen and Isserman (1999) found that attitudinal variables are useful in discriminate models of mode choice, employing attitudinal and demographic variables within the framework of an automatic interaction detector analysis. Thomas (1997) observed that transport researchers have traditionally concentrated on a limited number of situation influence: socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, education, occupation etc. mode is for example sequential versus simultaneous has been shown to affect the estimated coefficient of spatial choice model. Banister (1989) in his study noted that the urban travel network, which has involved for example excessive fuel consumption, deterioration of urban air quality, peak hour congestion etc., provides an aggregate level of mobility that is unprecedented. However, the same urban network is also responsible for the existence of several travels disadvantaged minorities and a rapid decentralization of urban population and employment. It is generally agreed that the choice of travel has both contributed to and evolved from a decentralized urban form. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES Warn is the headquarters of the Warn South Local Government Area. It located in the Western Niger Delta region of Delta State and lies approximately between longitudes 5 °44’ latitude 5 °30’ and 6 °15’ (see fig. 1). Its location in the Niger Delta area makes it a very low-lying town. The position of Warn is about 6 metres above the sea level on the average and nowhere does it rise above 8 metres. The Warn River borders the town on the South and Eastern sides. For the purpose of data collection in the study area, purposive sampling technique was used to divide the study area into three zones for convenience. They include Enehren junction, Okere round about and cemetery road. These three areas were chosen because they are the most useable and busiest roads in Warn metropolis. People usually leave their place of resident for employment places between the hours of 6.30am and 7.30am. Also between the hours of 4.30pm and 6.30pm workers return from work. Based on this observation, traffic count was conducted in specific major roads in the study area. The count was done with a view to establish observable characteristics of the three models of transport (that is, taxi cabs, buses and motorcycles). The instrument used to elicit necessary information from the respondents include questionnaire, personal observation and oral interview. However, only two hundred (200) persons were selected to represent the target population through random sampling method. In analyzing the data the statistical tools used include the use of tables, percentages and statistical technique such as the multiple correlation statistics. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS In Warn metropolis, percentage of 6:30am to 9:00am count total was computed Table 1: Traffic Count at the Three Strategic Points in Warn Source: Field survey, 2005 for each of the three points. The same was done for the 4:00pm to 6:00pm count. The morning count summed up to 5377 vehicles. While the evening count summed up to 4458 in all the three points (see table 1). Enehren Junction by Warri-Sapele road attracted 42.6% of the traffic in the morning. While in the evening it attracted 35.6% of traffic flow in the different locations. This means that the number of vehicles that passed through this point in the morning far exceed vehicles that passed in the evening. This is as a result of most residents using the point to get to their work place and leave for different location after work in the evenings, as such some vehicles that did not pass this point in, pass it out. The same process was also obtained for the other locations. Okere Round About is located in such a way that it link together different routes in Warn metropolis. But this area does not have work places likes companies around it, likes what is found in Enebren axis. As such cannot rate as high as Enebren Junction axis in terms of vehicles tra1c flow. In the morning the route attracted 3 4.4% of traffic in the three points. While in the evening this route attracts 40.4% of traffic. The percentage of traffic flow in evening was high compared to that of the morning. This is as result of the fact that more routes are now being used in the evening after closing hour than what was used in the morning. The third route/zone where the traffic count was done was at Cemetery Road. This route attracted the least number of vehicular traffic flow, both in the morning and evening amongst the three routes used. It attracted 23.3% of traffic count in the morning and 24% of traffic count in the evening. This is as a result of the fact that the route does not link any major area like industrial area but it is a link to two markets in Warn (that is, Warri main market and Igbodu market). All the observations made with respect to directorial flow of traffic in the town show that most people prefer to use motorcycle to bus and taxi cabs. Table 2: Time of Operation Source: Field survey, 2005 Table 2 shows that 21 representing 52.5% of cabs operators are on part time while the remaining 19 represents 47.5% of cab operators on full time basis, 23 representing 38.3% while the remaining 37 representing 61.6% operates on full time basis. It was also observed that some operators on shift hour, that is, vehicle driven by two persons. In order to have a clear understanding of problems often faced by motorcycle, taxi cab, bus operators each of the operators interviewed was requested to identify some of the problems affecting his operation. The table below shows problems encountered by bus transport operators in Warn metropolis. This problem include commuters attitude to public transport, lack of fuel currency denomination etc. Table 3: Operational Problem Legend:1 Vehicle maintenance 2 Commuter Attitude 3 Fuel 4 Security Harassment 5 Bad Road/hold-up 6 Currency Denomination Table 3 above shows that bad roads and Police harassment have the highest percentage of problems encountered by the commuter operators. For every trip made a minimum ofN2O is obtained from Police by force or else they would be delayed from operating. Bad condition of roads is another factor that hinders smooth operation of transport in the study area. Most traffic jams and hold-ups are as the result of bad roads in Warn Metropolis. From the multiple correlations the result shows that 56% of commuter preference/choice cannot be explained by the effect of road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. This means that 56% are motorcycles. Commuters prefer the use than 44%, which are both taxicabs and buses. The implication of the result shows that there is a significant relationship between commuter preference/choice and road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. CONCLUDING REMARKS Warn Metropolis has been favoured by her position and location. The emergence of transport has helped to accelerate the growth rate and development. Since the emergence of motorcycle transportation there has been a significant change in the social and economic life of the inhabitants. This research has revealed that people prefer the use of motorcycle than taxicabs and buses as a result of its citywide access. The introduction of public transportation service has helped in alleviating the problem of mobility in Warn Metropolis. The implication of effective transportation planning demands knowledge of the traffic situation, the transport needs of the commuting population, as well as the transportation modal mix and contribution of transportation to economic growth. This requires the availability of transport related data. This is important in the sense that the success or failure of transportation planning lies on the accuracy of data collected. Public sector investment should be encouraged in road infrastructure construction and maintenance of road network to cater for all the different modes of transportation since they complement and compete with each other for road space. This would have the desired effect of increasing the efficiency of the transport system. REFERENCES Allen, W. B. and Isserman, A. (1999). Behavioural Modal Split. High Speed Growth Transportation Journal, l79-l99pp. Atubi,A. 0. and Onolcsb, P. C. (2003). Road Transportation and the Socio-Economic Development of the Niger-Delta: A Case Study of Warn Metropolis Journal of Social and Management Sciences Review Vol. 1, (1): 102-113. Banister, D. (1989). Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development. London: E and FN Spon. Castells, M. (2000). European Cities, The Information and Society and the Global Economy; Oxford: Blackwell. Castells, M. (2004). The Information Age: Economy Society and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. Dommecich, T. A. (1985). Urban Travel Demand. Amsterdam: North Hall and Publishers. Downs, A. (1989). How Transportations Arteris Impact Land values. In Urban Transportation: Perceptiveness and Prospects. H. S. Levinson and R.A. Weant. (eds) Wesport: C. T. Eno Foundation, 105-109. Ekanem, N. F. (1973). Transportation in Nigeria Nation Development. NISSER, 445-489pp. Eliot-Horst, M. E. (1973). Transportation and Societal Framework. Economic Geography, 49:163-80. Golob, T. F. (2000). An Attitudinal Model Choice. Transportation Research Vol. 10: 229-310. Hartgen, G. T. (1998). Urban Transportation Planning. A Developmental Approach. London and New York: Routled, D. Hartgen, G. and Tanner, C. (2001). Sustainable Cities. Regional Studies Association. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Hoyle, B. S. and Knowles, R. D. (1992). Transportation Geography. An Introduction in Hoyle, B.S. and Knowles, R.D. (eds) Modern Transport Geography. New York: John Will ey and Sons. 1- 10pp. Ikporukpo, C. 0. (1998). Transport Studies. In Areola. O. and Okafor. S.I. (eds) 50 Years of Geography in Nigeria the Ibadan Story. Ibadan: University of Press, 135-1 56pp. Knowles, R. D. (1993). Research Agendas in Transport Geography for 1990s. Journal of Transport Geography Vol. 1 l,):3-1]. Kreft, A. and Singh, K. (1971). Transport Demand Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill Books Company. Kruger, S. K. et al (2001). Highway Engineering. Nemchand and Bros, Rorkee. 7 Edition. Ogunsanya, A. A. (2002). Issues and Problems in Nigerian Transport System in the Trainer. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology Vol.], (1): 4-l0pp. Rodriique J.P. (2004). Road Transportation. Http// www. People. Hostra. Edu/geotras/ eng/ chzn. html Ruston, G. (1991). Analysis of pa1ial Behaviour. Anals of the Association of American Geographers Vol. 59, 391-400. Sassen, S. (1999). Cities in a World Economy. Thomas, B. O. (1997). An Adaptive Model for Designing Transportation System. London: University Press. Tolley, R. S. and Truton, B. J. (1995). Transport System. Policy and Planning. A Geographic Approach. England: Longman Group Limited. US Department of Transportation 2000). National Transportation Statistics, 64pp. US Department of Transportation (2004). Role of Highways in Development.

Public Private Lives and Emersons Clairvoyant Solution :: Education Teachers Teaching Essays

Public Private Lives and Emerson's Clairvoyant Solution My intelligence was sparked when exceptional people opened doors in my mind I didn't know needed light. And while my parents played a part in this I remember more strongly the hand that my teachers played in expanding my mind. Generally there are certain aspects of school that a student remembers but always there is a teacher. For me there were several, and I know I was lucky. I do remember some of the lessons, a few specific classes, but what I remember more is how they acted as people and not just as teachers. I recall the way they taught me silently through the examples they set in their lives. Teachers, by the sheer nobility of their positions, have this responsibility whether they desire it or not. The historical nature of teachers was to educate with an enormous focus on the morality of the students. Education often came directly from the bibles of the students and the religious doctrine the church had decreed. Teacher's primary goals were to create good and moral citizens. Churches many times were the origin of the school doctrine. Horace Mann states that one of the three most essential elements of being a teacher is "the ability to manage and govern a schoolroom and to mold moral character" (Spring, 127). Emma Willard was of a similar opinion. Spring writes, "Willard believed that development of character was the first aim of education and placed a great deal of emphasis on that and on moral virtues" (Spring, 126). At this time moral education was held superior to the "standard", non-moral education of a child. These "standard" subjects were taught only second to religion, which in turn produced a very narrow education and a narrow view of the world. The strict view of morality forced the teacher, the classroom's 'moral example', to fulfill all of the scrupulous principles society demanded. Teaching was in the past, as it is in the present, a public position that leaves educators with limited security of privacy. This is easily exemplified through the boarding of teachers with the families of their students. The teacher would live for designated amounts of time with families in the communities. Is there any less private manner for a teacher to live their life? Teachers were constantly under the eye of scrutiny. Since that time many laws limiting the aspects of a teacher's life have been abolished.

On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay

Now considered not only a legendary work within the history of American literature, Jack Kerouac’s â€Å"On the Road† is also regarded as the pivotal work of an entire generation of young Americans looking for purpose and direction in a nation not far removed from world war, and becoming increasingly complicated and fast paced. In the midst of the sweeping societal changes depicted through Kerouac’s characters in â€Å"On the Road†, the protagonist of the story, Dean Moriarty, stands as an iconic, enigmatic figure. In this essay, the dynamics and complexities of Moriarty’s personality, as well as the changes that this personality undergoes as â€Å"On the Road† unfolds will be discussed in order to better understand not only Moriarty as a character, but also what he represents. Dean Moriarty’s Changes Within the Plot of â€Å"On the Road† The changes that Moriarty goes through in Kerouac’s book are symbolic not only of the general direction of his life itself, but also the society in which he lives, the people with whom he interacts, and what the future holds for everyone, including this character himself. Gaining even a fundamental understanding of the character of Moriarty in necessary to make this possible. Dean Moriarty makes a notable entrance into the plot of â€Å"On the Road†; from the very beginning, he captures the interest of the other characters in the book because of his very nature, which is highly animated, yet appealing because of his obvious passion for life and his interest in living every moment to its fullest (Whissen, 1992). At the same time, showing that he is a constantly changing individual, Moriarty is alienated from some of the more conventional people who are friends with other main characters in the story, a divide which none of the main characters make an effort to remedy, setting the stage for Moriarty to blaze his own path in subsequent sections of the book. Perhaps on of the most significant characteristics of Moriarty, which serves as a catalyst for many of the changes through which he goes, is the fact that he is very appealing to the opposite sex; this sort of romantic tension creates a bit of mystery about Moriarty (Swartz, 1999). This charisma also opens up a world of possibilities for Moriarty to explore, and presents him with many temptations and challenges that other people may never experience. Whether this charisma with women was something that came about just by the way that Moriarty presented himself, or it was something toward which he aspired and took specific steps to ensure that women would find him desirable, this aspect of his personality was the first step in the changes that he undergoes throughout the story. First, in regard to Moriarty’s changes, the fact that he carries on multiple relationships with women, many at the same time, makes it necessary for Moriarty to constantly travel throughout the nation, truly embodying the â€Å"on the road† lifestyle which forms the backbone of Kerouac’s book. The consequences of these many relationships, and the ensuing complications and commitments that come out of them, create problems for Moriarty that he is forced to confront, and conform to as well. The complexity of these relationships is made even more dramatic by the fact that eventually, Moriarty fathers multiple children with multiple women, making it all but impossible for him to carry on any kind of a conventional life or to remain stationery in one place for any amount of time; the ability that most people have to lead an ordinary, day to day existence, is denied Moriarty because of the choices he makes in his personal life until almost the end of the book. A second area of change for Dean Moriarty is seen in his social interactions with friends beyond the level of romantic interludes. Socially, Moriarty also undergoes a great deal of change as the plot of the book unfolds. Because of Moriarty’s alienation from people beyond his immediate circle of close friends, he becomes more withdrawn from the regular social aspects of everyday society and has a sort of sadness and emptiness about him. This emptiness is filled with sordid affairs with women as was discussed earlier, travel, and excesses such as drinking and outlandish behavior, which will be discussed in more detail in a subsequent section of this essay. Moriarty’s charismatic nature in some instances is also important to realize from the viewpoint of the change that he affects in others, perhaps most significantly in the case of his best friend, Sal Paradise. Because Sal looks up to Dean in basically every area of life as a role model of sorts (Whissen, 1992), he imitates even Dean’s worst behavioral traits, including the constant traveling. The foolishness of this imitation is made more dramatic by the fact that Sal is older than Dean, making the implication that Dean could in fact learn a lot from Sal if the situation were somehow reversed. Finally, a change that Moriarty attempts is as significant as any of the others which he ahs undergone throughout â€Å"On the Road†. Ultimately, Moriarty attempts to take on the persona of a civilized and responsible individual when he acknowledges his responsibilities to his marriage vows and the children that were created as a result of his marital union. Getting a job and attempting to settle into a normal, structured home life, Moriarty does give this endeavor and life change a sincere effort, but he soon finds that this is more difficult for him than he may have expected. Due to this realization, which some might say is a recognition of his own nature as a traveling, somewhat chaotic individual with a high level of appeal to women in general, he quickly loses interest in being a good father and husband; for example, ignoring the cries of his child, obsessing about the other women with whom he was involved in the past, and more than likely planning the next step of his symbolic and literally road journey in a search for what is missing in his life, and what the life of an average husband/father, in his view, fails to deliver. An Insight into Moriarty’s Mindset By studying the pattern of Moriarty’s behavior, and the different personalities and attitudes he embraces, it is much easier to profile the mindset of this enigmatic and complicated character. Moriarty’s inner emptiness is apparent when his actions and value systems, flawed as they are, are separated from the action of â€Å"On the Road†, and the story itself is looked at in a more philosophical way. The argument can be made that Moriarty’s mindset is symbolic of the state of affairs in America at the time that Kerouac wrote his book; because the nation was in the process of gaining a new identity following World War II and before the Korean War reached its climax, the nation collectively, and Dean Moriarty individually, began to question what the nature of life is all about and whether the regular, day to day life of the average person is the best state of living that one can reach (Begnal, 1998). A restless nation, reflected in the restless persona of Moriarty, comes shining through, towering over the plot and other characters of the book itself. Also, the question of the nature of Moriarty’s charisma is important when gaining a fuller understanding of his mindset and value system. If one takes the position that Moriarty was embedded with charisma and it was beyond his control to do anything but to submit to its power, then Moriarty can be sympathetically viewed as a victim. However, if the position is taken that Moriarty was a calculating individual whose romantic flings were deliberately worked toward and pursued as a goal, then Moriarty can be seen as less than a charming Casanova, and more accurately, a dangerous predator that poisons every relationship with which he comes into contact. The many changes of Dean Moriarty, as well as the changes he influences in others and the effects that he has on those with whom he interacts, all conspire to create within him a great deal of conflict and anxiety, which displays itself in a sort of madness. This madness is also important to understand when studying the dynamic nature of Moriarty himself. Moriarty’s Descent into Madness By creating human conflict, chaos and turmoil for virtually everyone he meets, Moriarty has built for himself a complicated lifestyle that can be said to be rooted in madness. This madness, like so many of the other facets of Moriarty’s being, eventually spill out into the open for everyone to see, much like the classic example of someone wearing their heart on their sleeve. Generally speaking, it can be fairly said that one of the most characteristic displays of some level of madness in the mind of Dean Moriarty can be seen in his wanderlust-based lifestyle and personality. Just as Moriarty traveled from one romantic liaison to another, and fathered one child after another, he journeyed from one physical location to another. This journey can be viewed as a quest to fill the emptiness within his soul in some instances, or a desire to escape from any form of commitment in others. The comparison of this journey to the journey of realization that America was taking at the time is also accurate and appropriate. Whichever comparison one chooses, no one can deny that the rapid pace at which Moriarty went back and forth from one destination to another is indicative of at least some level of madness. As Moriarty traveled about, his madness was further shown to be strong and prominent by his disregard for the wellbeing of others. Specifically depicted in the book is Moriarty’s journey to Chicago, during which his outlandish behavior puts others at risk, but he seems not to be concerned about it in the slightest. Yet another piece of evidence that speaks to the level of madness that Moriarty reaches in the book is punctuated by the behavior that he not only sees as nothing out of the ordinary, but also that he recommends to others, and tries to convince them to participate in as something that is acceptable. Specifically, Moriarty at one point makes the suggestion that his protege of sorts, Sal, and his wife join Moriarty in stripping off their clothes and running about in public. What this shows is not only Moriarty’s deteriorated sense of right and wrong, but also his general contempt for the trappings of conventional society, rebellion against that society, and his desire to express his total freedom and ability to do whatever he wishes, whenever he wishes, without any notable consequences for himself or others. Sadly, of course, his actions are creating chaos wherever he goes, even if he is blind to it. Lastly, something needs to be said about Moriarty’s drunken lifestyle, as well as its influence on his behaviors and choices. When he indulges in alcohol binges, his erratic behavior increases, more bad choices are made, and more people are affected for the worse. The women and children that he leaves in his alcoholic wake are forced to pick up the pieces and clean up the messes that Moriarty creates. All the while, he carries on- seemingly oblivious to what he is causing to happen, and dulled by his own vices. Conclusion Just as â€Å"On the Road† profiled an entire generation and reflected the spirit of a nation in transition, so too did Dean Moriarty. Based in part on actual people whom Kerouac knew, this character represented a composite of the quest for happiness and meaning in a chaotic world as well as the paradox of someone who wants to pursue their own enjoyments but too late realizes that total indulgence carries with it a steep price. In conclusion, what is seen in both Moriarty and the story in which he exists is the brilliance, and frailty of the human mind, the search for enlightenment, and the journey along the way- basically, the road that is chosen and what that means for the traveler.

The 411 on Numeronyms

The 411 on Numeronyms The 411 on Numeronyms The 411 on Numeronyms By Mark Nichol Numerals are often used in numeronyms: in combination with other numerals and with letters to represent a word, phrase, or concept. This post loosens the definition of numeronym to also include a numeral without one or more accompanying letters and with or without other symbols. Ordinal numbers can represent something, as when we speak, for example, of a â€Å"third† in reference to an additional person who joins two people or when we refer, for example, to â€Å"the 25th† to denote a certain day of the month, but the following terms, which include cardinal numbers, represent more than the sum of their parts, too. The number 101, used in combination with a word representing a topic, is used to imply that a piece of knowledge under discussion is elementary, as if it were equivalent to the content of an introductory college course. (Such courses are often numbered 101 in a three-digit designation system.) For example, the principle of supply and demand might be said to be â€Å"Economics 101,† meaning it is easy to understand. A 180 is a half turn and a 360 is a full turn, representing the number of degrees in a circle; numbers larger than 360 may appear in reference to sports such as skating or diving in which participants may turn more than one full revolution; 180 may also refer figuratively to someone reversing one’s position on an issue. The abbreviations WWI and WWII stand for â€Å"World War I† and â€Å"World War II† (and there is also the hypothetical World War III, or WWIII); they are sometimes represented with Arabic numerals, though Roman numerals are the conventional treatment. Y2K is an abbreviation for â€Å"year 2000,† pertaining to the (largely unfounded) concern late in the twentieth century that a fundamental programming flaw would, at the turn of the century, cause catastrophic breakdowns in information processing, leading to serious repercussions throughout the civilized world. Another term stemming from business is 24/7, referring to the number of hours in a day and the number of days in a week to denote incessant attention to something. (The term is also extended to 24/7/365 to refer to the number of days in the year as well.) Guns are often referred to simply by their caliber: for example, .22, .357, and .45 refer to the diameter of the bullets used in a particular firearm. 3D is an abbreviation for â€Å"three-dimensional,† pertaining to images and films with this feature. Abbreviations for television programs include TW3 for That Was the Week That Was, a satirical comedy program on the United Kingdom’s BBC network during the early 1960s, and MST3K for Mystery Science Theater 3000, a late-twentieth-century American program that poked fun at mediocre low-budget films. Meanwhile W3 is an abbreviation for â€Å"World Wide Web,† which is now generally abbreviated to web. To get the 411 on something is to obtain information; 411 is the telephone number for directory assistance, which provides phone numbers for people who want to contact a person or an organization but do not have the entity’s number. (This number is sometimes styled 4-1-1.) Telephone area codes are often employed as shorthand to refer to geographical regions, as in the use of â€Å"the 415† to represent San Francisco and its environs. 401(k) refers to a specific pension account defined in that section of the Internal Revenue Service tax code. Similarly, a tax-exempt nonprofit organization is referred to as a 501(c)(3), a label that pertains to the corresponding section of the IRS tax code. 5K, 10K, and so on are abbreviations referring to footraces of 5,000 and 10,000 meters, respectively, as well as longer events; K stands for kilo-, a prefix meaning â€Å"one thousand.† Shorter races held on tracks (and swim events) may be called, for example, â€Å"the 400,† referring to a 400-meter dash or another race of that length. Text-speak takes advantage of numeronyms to reduce the number of characters necessary to express a word: Gr8, for example, represents great, and l8r is equivalent to later. Related usage includes computer terms that are abbreviated, for example, from localization to l10n. (The numeronym consists of the first and last letters of the word interrupted by a number representing how many intervening letters are missing.) A similar system is leetspeak (leet derives from elite to acknowledge that those who know the system are privileged to do so in comparison to the ignorant masses), in which numerals replace similarly shaped letters, such as in n00b, which represents a misspelling and abbreviation of newbie (meaning â€Å"novice†). G8 and G20 refer to international political forums consisting of the respective number of participant nations; G stands for group in designations such as â€Å"Group of 8.† K9 is an abbreviation for canine because it is pronounced the same as the word for dogs and other doglike animals; it is employed in the context of dogs used in law enforcement. Also pertaining to law enforcement is the ten-code, a system of numerical codes beginning with 10 that represent words and ideas; the most familiar to laypeople is 10-4, meaning â€Å"understood.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had7 Tips for Writing a Film Review5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay Example

Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay Example Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay The fashion industry is very competitive. Company that venture in fashion should therefore have a proper marketing strategies that will make it have competitive advantage over the other companies. Most companies engaging in fashion have therefore turned to luxury brands being that there is global interest in fashion. Based on the environment that the businesses operate, the target markets and product attributes as well as marketing methods, the companies have embraced luxury brand management and fashion marketing traceries that have made them be on top of the fashion industry. This paper looks at one Barberry as a luxury brand that has been successful despite the challenges that have existed in the fashion market. In this paper an overview of Barberry is given based on its success in the industry. The brand has been outstanding and is defined by the Brutishness, independent luxury positioning and heritage as well as history. Compared to other brands in the fashion industry such as Pravda, Ezra and Ralph Lauren, the brand has been doing fairly well. Brands Brief History Barberry is a distinctive global luxury brand that was founded in 1856. The group has a British background. Over the years the company has built a strong and outstanding reputation for innovation, design, and craftsmanship (Hag, 2004). The group has much focus on outwear, best known for its trench coats. The company designs, produces as well as sell products under the Barberry brand. The company based in London sources its raw materials from UK and other external suppliers it forms network with. The content of marketing as well as marketing programs; analogue and digital, are internally designed to promote the brand and product features to the consumers. Being that its products are sold globally through proprietary retail shops as well as third party wholesale customers, the brand needs a strong fashion marketing strategy to counter the competition in the fashion world. Marketing is in fact one of the core corporate functions that keeps the brand at par. The brand has also embraced digital marketing as one of the method it uses to remain competitive in the market that is dominated by other super- brands in the luxury fashion industry (Group Overview, n. D. ). Brands Product attributes and Target Market The brand being inclined to British lifestyle has a range of products that argues men, women and children of different social status in the society. It is best known Of shawls, scarves, and ties that are classified as soft accessories. On the other hand the brand has also classified small leather shoes, handbags, wallets, umbrellas, and wristwatches as hard accessories. The products are also tailored to meet individual needs (Tungsten, 2009). For example the brand also classifies products as seasonal and continuity. Continuity includes the iconic trench coats that are durable whereas the former refers to the short lived products such as responsive fashion trend that covers a limited season. The multilevel brand strategy of the company is organized at six major brand levels. First off, the high fashion range that serves the fashion shows and editorial coverage, which is produced in small quantities to satisfy the customers exclusivity, demand. This range targets the affluent customers and is distributed through Barberry flagship stores and other prestigious stores in America and London such as Barneys and Harrows. The second range is the London line that is a ready to wear range that is presented in two collections based on the four seasons. Womens wear usually has more lines compared to menswear. Menswear has also been tailored to meet sportswear accessories such as towels, shoe and bags as well as swimwear (Group Overview, n. D. ). There is also the Thomas Barberry range that targets the youths between 15 and 25 years of age, customer group. This group falls under diffusion brands and is available in Spain, UK and Europe. The other two diffusion brands are Barberry blue and black that is for the Japan fashion market. They are also targeted for younger male and female professionals. The multi-brand model of the company has provided maximum market exposure and extensive consumer demand. The second benefit Of the model is that, it has provided elasticity and market awareness evidenced by the brands that target specific countries. Additionally, the approach of having broad category of products range and differential pricing options have provided a marketing move for the company since the customers have accessed it on that account as well as enable the trading up and down of the brand levels (Group Overview, n. D. ).. The brand is known for its trench coats that target the young audience. The product has been marketed through websites such as retrenchment. Mom and celebrity endorsement (Grieve, Didactic, Tibias, 2013). Distribution channels of the Brand The brand is exclusively done through the operation of company stores, licensee agreement, and third party stockings. The company has a retail chain that comprises of four formats. These include designer outlet stores, department stores, regular retail price and flagship stores located in nearly all the major cities in Europe and London. The whole sale stockings include the prominent department stores, duty free shops and specialty fashion retailers. The brand also operates Showrooms in London, Milan, and Hong Kong mongo others. Additionally, the brand also employs the use of agents who make direct sales to the wholesale customers so as to increase sales of the products as well as encourage the sale of the products at the marked prices (The luxury-goods market: Disillusioned hedonist shoppers The Economist, n. D. ). The consistency of visual merchandising of the brand as well as its store presentation of the brand is maintained through a shop-in shop strategy that is implemented in department stores. The company maintains relationship with its wholesale customers by making accessible brand offer and other brands. Additionally, they engage in collaborative marketing action with the important clients (Hag, 2004). Through this the wholesale consumers are able to have access to allowances following the advertisement of Barberry brand products. In a nutshell, the licensee distribution engages two license partners that are jointly tinged with the duty Of wholesale distribution. The licensed partner firms are responsible for visual merchandising and sales agents. The distribution channel has been advantageous of the brand. It provides the presentation of the brands products in diverse and important markets. The model also allows for the return on investment since none of the profit is lost in paying franchise partners and other partners. Marketing methods The gabardine which was water resistant and meant for the military outfits made the brand famous not only in England but also all over the world. Having been hit by economic downfall, the marketing department had to strengthen its strategies so as to boost its sales. To keep at the level of other brands it had to focus on digital media as one of its core strategies (Grieve, Didactic, Tibias, 2013). The company benchmark other well established rands such as Apple, Nikkei and Google, to establish a unique and distinct model for the brand. Using these iconic brands it was able to use the social media with the aim of developing a campaign that was innovative and inclusive of the young consumers. The brand was outstanding, fashion forward and autonomous. This was and is still recorded in its trench coats that are iconic and are fond for the soldiers, celebrities, and working class (Grieve, Didactic, Tibias, 2013). The unique status of the luxury brand was built upon the unique product; the trench coats. Additionally, most street photography has recognized the brand from the same. In 2009 most people were aware of the brand and about a million making it the largest luxury brand in the fashion industry at that time (Digital marketing case study Social media case study: Barberry encourages customer participation with Art of Trench Digital Training Academy, n. D. ). The idea of the social media gave a revelation of the Art of the Trench campaign. The brand established its website where it was very easy for the customers to share their photos wearing products from the luxury brand. This was a form of reaching more customers who would visit the website and admire those photographs. Coupled with the partnership with Scott Chasm; a fashion flogger, the brand was able to amass a mammoth of consumers within a short period of time. The photos could be liked and shared by both customers as well as the potent Customers. The digital campaign placed the brand over others in the luxury sector. The success of the campaign boosted the e-commerce sales by almost fifty percent making the company to allocate more of its resources in digital marketing (Hill, 2014). Apart from social media, the brand also uses advertising, fashion stores, and editorial placement as its core marketing Hansel (Hines Bruce, 2001). They have an advertisement strategy that is launched twice every year. The advertisement campaigns are more focused in the leading fashion and lifestyle publications such as fashion magazines. The brand has cut its expenditure for media advertisement (Hines Bruce, 2001 The ads focus mainly on the brands history and heritage. The emphasis IS well placed on the company logo, trademarks. The adverts not only feature individual products but also aim at presenting the whole brand image demonstrated through diverse brand product range (Hill, 2014). The fast ion wows are also marketing channels for fashion. As a marketing move, Barberry appreciates the fashion shows as marketing plans that serve to inspire the luxury grade of the brand (Us, Coppery, Videophones Network, 2008). The shows are held in different periods depending on the brand. For example, the fashion shows are held twice a year in Milan. The city is well known for its luxury fashion heritage serves to market the brand internationally. Apart from establishing the fashions credibility, the shows also ensure international press representation (Chevalier Mozzarella, 2012). In London there is a fashion week every season in all designated London showrooms (Cooke, 2014). Editorial coverage aims at reinforcing the luxury brand positioning as well as creating brand awareness (Chevalier Mozzarella, 2012). Barberry has a strong public relations tactic that focuses on trade and fashion press. The strategy is inclusive of the whole world editorial coverage and annotations that are for the support of the brand. This ensures proper placement of the brand as the leading brand in fashion, trade, business and publications (Eases, 2009). Another important marketing overage is the brochures that are unleashed every season to market the collections to the consumers and wholesale as well as retail customers (Eases, 2009). The brand also has a website that further creates its awareness. The website that is up to date provides a brief history of the brand, the current images of the product, and the adverts representing the brand (Leverage the Franchise, n. . ). In the fashion show marketing, the brand has had a unique way of hitting the market. Recently in the London Fashion week, it made it possible for its customers to stream the fashion show live in 2010. This makes it the first brand to go live in AD all over the world. As evidenced by the proper use of technological inventions that have placed the company above the other competitors, other brands in the fashion industry should embrace the same m ethod to stay up in the market (Cooke, 2014). As a move of embracing technology Barberry also launched it mobile site in 201 0 making it possible for the customers to interact with the products from their smart phones, pads and tablets. This has continuously expanded its customer base globally being that most consumers use the same in communication and hopping at the same time (Strata, 2013. The marketing model of the luxury brand has made it recognize the importance of advertising in the creation of the brands image. The brand is widely known both in London and all over the world because of its unique advertising campaigns. The brand has come up with outstanding marketing strategies that have targeted various audiences. This move makes it do well in the luxury sector since they are unique and exclusive for the brand. The target market of the goods is well defined through the products and the fact that they can easily reach the goods at heir convenience makes it easier for the company to make huge profits. Luxury brand management spurs almost over all the actions Of the company form production, distribution, marketing and sales. Barberry as a luxury brand, have taken into consideration all the aspects of fashion marketing embracing the methods of marketing that assure large outreach such as the social media. The social marketing technique not only creates awareness of the brand but also creates a channel through which the company can interact with its customers and be able to get their feedback. This is then followed by wife analysis and mechanism implementation to meet the customer demands. In a nutshell, the paper has focused on what has made Barberry become one of the most recognized and successful luxury brands in the world of fashion market.

Spreading the Truth or Lies in Disguise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Spreading the Truth or Lies in Disguise - Essay Example This definition of public diplomacy is concise because it contains three elements that mark its specific role in the over-all practice of international relations and that would serve as a limiting aspect of the study contained in this paper. Government-Sponsored It is â€Å"government-sponsored.† This term limits the scope of the practice of public diplomacy to that which is carried out by the government. While private corporations and institutions also carry out activities that achieve the same objective of informing or influencing public opinion, it could be said that the more important activity of public diplomacy, especially in recent years, is that which nations and states carry out. In the United States, for example, public diplomacy is carried out by the Department of State through its U.S. Information Agency, with the help of many other public and private institutions, such as universities, cultural associations, aid agencies, and its military, among others. In the Uni ted Kingdom, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office carry it out with the help of the British Council, the BBC World Service and private think tanks such as the Foreign Policy Centre, again among many other institutions equipped for the task. Every government carries out a substantial amount of public diplomacy which is different from the common understanding of diplomacy because the normal channels of top-level government relations are not enough for any state to handle the scope and amount of work needed to pursue its strategic interests. Traditionally, international relations to pursue a nation’s strategic interests involved only the political, economic and military aspects. Lately, however,... The report covers the growing importance of public diplomacy highlights the importance of consistency and a unity between the starting and end points of the exercise to communicate a message. The starting point, the government in the case of public diplomacy, originates and packages the message and chooses the medium or media through which the message is transmitted. The end point, the foreign audience or external public, is the intended recipient of the message. However, while the internal public is not included in this equation, they also play an important role, since the factors that contributed to the growing popularity of public diplomacy are also the same factors that affect its utility or not. This paper makes a concluison that this is the reason why there must be consistency between the reality and the message and media used. The message need not be an idealization of reality, but realistic enough so that it could be perceived as objective and sincere. The support of the internal or local public is crucial in this regard, because any messages of inconsistency from this public can do great harm to the message crafted by those who carry out the work of public diplomacy. There is likewise a need to respect the foreign audience’s response. When they do not absorb the message nor change public opinion or, perhaps even worsen it, public diplomacy becomes more crucial and important. Its goal should not be to get everyone to think alike, but rather to help others develop a balanced view of how a country sees its goals as mutually beneficial. Public diplomacy can effect a change in strategic goals if needed.

Susan glaspell trifles gender roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Susan glaspell trifles gender roles - Essay Example In the patriarchal society, women’s issues were often considered of a marginal importance, the writer examines this with a view of highlighting the negative impact the subservience forced upon them. The play commences with a murder investigation after Mr. Wright is found strangled with a rope in his bedroom; his wife, Mrs Wright, who was alone with him is arrested and taken to jail as the main suspect. From her jail cell, she requests her three friends who are also wives of the investigating officers to fetch her apron and a shawl from her house; the women and their husbands go to the house, which the husbands ransack in search for evidence of the crime. On the other hand, the women go through Mrs Wrights personal belongings, men scorn the women’s actions, which they see as irrelevant and naive since they are going through â€Å"trifles†. However, the women ultimately discover the simple details and clues that the men in their many searches missed or ignored, thi s minor details end up providing the conclusive proof of Mr Wright’s crime. ... riticism of the fact that a woman’s identity is defined in relation to her connection with a man, her husband and not so much the role she plays as an autonomous human being. A man on the other hand is addressed by either name or title, conversely, men are viewed as complete wholes and their identity is tied to the important roles they play in society and they are unequivocally considered as more independent than women are. The women are homemakers, when they come to the house, it is primarily to fetch the belongings Mrs Wright had asked of them, thus to them the farmhouse was not just a crime scene but also a home. They sat in the kitchen, went through the drawers and took note of the broken glass and bread left on the counter; contrariwise, the men have come with the single-minded purpose of discovering evidence from a crime scene (O Neil). Their endeavor to find evidence is designed to be thorough, and centered completely on the crime not the facts that may have preceded it , they come looking for signs of a break in although they later discover the rope used to kill Mr Wright belonged to his house. Their technical and impersonal approach however brings out radically different results from the women’s, they were able to figure out she may have killed her husband but they did not know why. The women on examining the trifles however were able to come up with a logical explanation and discovered the woman had been quite disturbed before she committed the crime. Men’s tyrannical status is also explored in the description of my Wright who is described as a hard man; the women speculate that he did not like the birds singing although his wife did. This lead to his snapping its neck, the women notice that the manner in which the bird and the man died were not markedly